THE THEOCRATIC KINGDOM*

 

 

By GEORGE N. H. PETERS

 

 

[* VOLUME THREE pp. 109-170.]

 

 

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[Page 109]

 

PROPOSITION 174. - This Kingdom of the Messiah is preceded by signs.

 

 

This, intimated in the last Proposition, has been so clearly announced in Scripture and has been so constantly the belief of the Church (as related to the Second Advent, which, as we have shown, necessarily precedes the Kingdom), that it deserves separate and careful notice owing to its importance in confirming the nearness of the Kingdom, and in urging us to occupy the commanded position of watching servants.

 

 

Riggenbach (Lange’s Com. 1 Thess., p. 86) comments: “In exact accordance with Christ’s teaching, the Apostle declines all close definition or calculation of the times, and points instead to the signs which the disciples of Christ are required to consider, For those secure in their ungodliness there are no signs; on them the thief comes suddenly, the pangs seize them all at once. But they themselves are for a sign to believers who watch and observe. It is the triumph of the cause of God that even the despisers must render it the service of their testimony. Stupidity in divine things, security and self-confidence increase more and more; as it was, says Christ, in the days of Noah and Lot (Luke 17: 26, etc.) They ate, they drank, they married and were given in marriage; thus Jesus does not once upbraid them with the scandalous crimes which they committed, but with that very thing in their way of life which was commendable, but which becomes hideous, when nothing higher can be told of an age; when its whole life is a worldly life, in which God is no longer taken in account. A great increase of outward power and culture, reliance on science, industry, the conquest of the external world, lead to an arrogance that no longer admits its dependence on God.”*

 

[* NOTE: During this the time of the Covid 19 outbreak, I recall, on numerous occasions, of hearing reference to modern-day ‘science,’ being relied upon by government authorities for their help in the production of a suitable vaccine! Not ONCE (in my hearing) was God’s Name mentioned, or His help requested! Is this not significant sign of the present-day apostasy from prophetic truths and revelations? Luke 16: 11-13; cf. Heb. 12: 25; 2 Pet. 3: 14, R.V.]

 

 

OBSERVATION 1. Storr (Diss. on Kingdom), justly says, that Jesus “is ready and prepared to make the exhibition of His Majesty whenever it pleases Him,” and then in a footnote referring to Christ’s Coming unawares to some, adds: “But as this time was to be unknown; teachers merely human could not exhort to watchfulness those during whose lifetime the destined period for retribution will be just at hand, unless they gave this advice to men of all periods of the world.” But this is only giving us part of the truth, viz., that it is also the pleasure of Jesus that men should attentively consider signs preceding the exhibition of His Majesty, and that, men should be exhorted to watchfulness by the concurrent signs around them. While the exact time is known only to God, yet in accommodation to our weakness, and to urge us to the attitude so honourable toward Himself and so provocative of piety, He graciously points out to us approximate signs indicative of its nearness. That some, or even all, of these signs are characteristic, more or less, of every succeeding generation, forms no valid objection to their rejection, seeing that they fall in with the [Holy] Spirit’s design that all the godly shall, in every age, thus watch; that faith and hope shall be tested; that the apprehensions of unbelievers shall be quieted; and that the discerning shall observe their due force in the increased energy, etc., manifested through them as the end draws nigh. Hence the propriety of Martensen’s (Ch. Dog., s. 279), utterance: “But though believers know [Page 110] neither the day nor the hour;’ though it is not for them to know the times and the seasons which the Father hath put into His own power;’ yet they are commanded to mark the signs of the time; and certain prognostications are given to them.”* It is remarkable that in the very connection with the declaration that man cannot know the exact time of His Coming (which the experience of the past corroborates), Jesus points believers to certain signs as preceding His Coming, saying in Matt. 24: 32, Now learn a parable of the fig-tree: When his branch is yet tender, and putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is nigh: SO LIKEWISE YE when ye shall see all these things, KNOW that it is near, even at the doors;” and in Luke 21: 27 the phraseology includes a direct reference to the Coming of the Son of Man with power and great glory, adding: And when these things begin to come to pass, THEN look up and lift up your heads; for your redemption draweth nigh,” to which the same parable is appended: Behold the fig-tree and all the trees: When they now shoot forth, ye see and know of yourselves that summer is now nigh at hand; so likewise ye, when ye see these things come to pass, know ye that the Kingdom of God is nigh at hand” (Mark 13: 28, 29 also gives the parable and lesson). These signs are to be, coynizant [cognisant] to every believer, and are observable independent (Olshausen on phrase, “know your own selves”) of another’s guidance. After such explicit directions; after an appeal to the reasonableness of so doing; after rebuking (Matt. 16: 3) the [Holy] Spirit which refuses to “discern the signs of the times;” after implying (which is elsewhere plainly taught) that many - [Christians (Acts 20: 25-31; cf. 1 Tim. 4: 15- 16, R.V.)] - would neglect such signs and suffer loss thereby; surely it would argue disrespect to the Saviour, want of attention to our own interests, as well as folly, if we refused to look at and consider the signs presented. Aside from the obligation to receive all that God has revealed, aside from the duty of performing His commands, the simple fact that these are graciously communicated not only to sustain the Church in her fighting, struggling condition, not only to prepare her for a season of severe trial, but to enable the [regenerate] believer himself to watch, to exhort others to watchfulness, and to receive the [future] blessings promised to him who thus watches - this ought to make them exceedingly precious to us. God, before the introduction of those stupendous events pertaining to the last times, will not leave Himself without some witness, which shall reach the hearts of the discerning, and excite a powerful testimony in behalf of an all-pervading Providence ratifying what Omniscience has previously described. Indeed, love, fervent love, for an absent Saviour, a deep longing for His pleasure-bestowing Presence - an earnest desire for perfected salvation, should cause the [regenerate] believer to ponder those signs with an interest such as a heart, anxious for deliverance and imbued with the strongest attachment for the Christ,” can possibly prompt.**

 

 

* Martensen gives as signs: signs in nature, preaching of the Gospel, great regeneration in Israel, the climax of Antichrist and general corruption. We commend one sentence of his to the particular notice of the reader. After remarking that “the day of the Lord must ever hover in spiritual nearness before the Church militant” and pointing out how this was exemplified e.g. in the Primitive Church and at the time of the Reformation, he adds: “Is it not a matter of experience which Church history in every part of it confirms, that in those times when the Coming of the Lord and the last great day have been looked upon as in infinite distance off, wrapped in the darkness and obscurity of the future, Christian life also has borne an indefinite, loose, and careless aspect.” So Van Oosterzee (Lange’s (Com. Luke, p. 209) remarks: “The recognition of the signs of the times is one of the most sacred obligations which our Saviour imposes on all those who [Page 111] wish to be capable of passing an independent judgment on the concerns of His [coming] Kingdom. However the blindness of His contemporaries still shows itself continually under all manner of forms.”

 

 

** Differences of opinion as to the meaning of some signs (i.e. whether literal or figurative, or both) or to the details (i.e. the order in which they are to he observed) should not remove us from the expectancy of constant watching. This is to be anticipated in so vast a subject, and arises from the prepossessions, education, amount of study, etc., of interpreters. If it is observable in the plainest of matters, much more will it be in one which is purposely shrouded in language (to induce watchfulness), which a diligent comparison of Scripture can alone explain. Hence it is wrong to advocate any view with bitterness toward others. It is the part of kindness to point out the opinion that we regard erroneous, and to sustain our own by an appeal direct to Scripture, and no one who holds to the supremacy of Scripture will object to this; but to direct attention to the opinion of others merely to ridicule the same and to call into question the honesty, veracity, etc., of its upholders is unworthy of a student and of a Christian. The writer was forcibly struck with a remark of Edward Bickersteth (as given by Dr. Bell, p. 124, Proph. Times, vol. 2): “We ought with humility to go to God’s Word together” (he referred to students of prophecy) “and seek to come as near as possible together in a general outline, and then go and proclaim to the Church at large with something of a united testimony that the Lord is at hand. This need not hinder our continued investigation, and our friendly discussion of the various opinions we hold in respect to matters of detail.” When Jesus speaks, Matt. 24: 36, of no man knowing the day and the hour, the student will observe that, while definite time is excluded, two things are implied: (1) a correct knowledge of the event but not of the exact time; and (2) an approximative knowledge even of time, for “day and hour” are very limited as to time, thus corresponding with the Saviour’s appeal to signs in the context. Hence that time - the day and hour - is not definitely known, is again implied by the taking or translation from “the field,” “the mill,” “the bed;” for the employment shown that its occurrence was sudden and unexpected, although by signs an approximative knowledge may have been attained.

 

 

OBSERVATION 2. The intelligent student of the Bible will be profoundly impressed with this feature of the Word, viz., that as the Old Testament points to a Coming Messiah; so also the New Testament directs us to a Coming Messiah; that as the Old Testament prophecies declare that men will not believe when the Messiah comes; that as the brightest prospects of the Old Testament cluster around a Coming Messiah, so the most glorious promises are continued in the New related to a still Coming Christ; and that, while Old and New join in urging belief in, and looking for, a Coming Saviour, both also present signs by which that Coming shall be recognized as nigh at hand. Leaving for the present the signs referring to the Second Advent, the Old Testament  gives as signs pertaining to the First Advent, e.g. an existing Gentile domination, a time of peace, a time of corruption and unbelief which would lead to the Messiah’s rejection, etc., including a chronological hint derived from the seventy weeks of Daniel, and a longing of the pious for His Coming. But mark it well, not one sign of a startling or Supernatural nature - only signs falling in with the natural, ordinary development of the times, and yet, if carefully scrutinized, sufficiently distinctive to arrest attention. The startling signs, the Supernatural, all appeared after the birth of Jesus, in the interval or space from His actual birth to His ascension, such as the announcement of angels, the star, the descent of the [Holy] Spirit, the public acknowledgment from heaven, the miracles, etc. So will it be again. Men wonderfully deceive themselves if they think that the Second Advent will be preceded by such signs of astonishing magnitude and Supernatural power, that the attention of the world will be arrested, and that all men will be forced to acknowledge their existence. It is true, that such [Page 112] signs will appear before the final open manifestation of Christ with His saints, and that they will occur in the interval between His secret Coming for His saints and His public Coming with them for vengeance and salvation.” Not distinguishing between the two stages of the Advent, not discerning the space of time existing between the two, and blending what is separate and distinct into one, has led to the prevailing theorising on the subject. A little comparison, when attention is once drawn to this point, abundantly confirms our view, as already shown in the Proposition on the Translation (130). Indeed, the parallels given by Jesus Himself, as exactly descriptive of the period immediately before His Advent, would fail in correspondence, if the world was to be aroused by antecedent miraculous and astounding signs. The days of Noah and of Lot, as described by Jesus (Luke 17: 26-30, etc.), are representative of the days when the Son of Man comes, but in them are no signs which arouse fear and consternation, only a pursuing the ordinary avocations of life with a sense of security, and an ardent attachment to the things of this world. If such signs were to appear and produce the effects upon the world as many contend, it would be difficult to explain the statements, that this Coming is to be unawares,” as a snare,” as a thief,” etc.* seeing that men would, in the very nature of the case, apprehend something important, etc., to occur. The only signs vouchsafed in the days of Noah and Lot, were those which sprung from the general corruption of the world, and from the faith of Noah and Lot themselves, running in the channel of regular, natural development. There was nothing Supernatural until the time had arrived for Noah’s and Lot’s withdrawal and for God’s judgments. Thus, we may rest assured, it will be again; signs will indeed exist, but in such a form that the world will not lay them to heart, will “know not” until the pent-up floods of God’s wrath are ready to overtake them in a deluge of tribulation utterly unexpected. The passage which some suppose militates against our view, is easily and satisfactorily explained in consistency with it, viz., Matt. 24: 29, “Immediately after the tribulation of those days,” etc., an openly manifested Coming of the Son of Man is designated, and hence it is inferred that the miraculous and startling signs precede the Advent. Correctly, however, they only precede this particular, public manifestation of the Advent, and not the Advent considered is a whole, i.e., embracing  several stages and a considerable interval between these. If stress is laid upon the words immediately after the tribulation,” this objection proves too much, for the Advent itself is productive of great tribulation; the expression therefore has undoubted reference to a particular tribulation and

not to tribulation in general. While it is proper - as we have done in previous Propositions - to employ this phraseology to prove in a general way                    that the Second Advent is not to be confined to the past destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans, and that it is Pre-Millennial, yet when we come to explain the Advent itself, descending from the general to the particular, we have to discriminate what belongs to this or to that stage of it (just as we do in the prophecies of the Old Testament respecting His First Advent, in His Coming as a child, in His Coming in the temple, in His Corning riding upon all ass, etc.); and this is done by carefully collating the Scripture on the subject. A comparison thus instituted incontestably proves that a certain tribulation is spoken of, viz., the Jewish (beginning with the overthrow of Jerusalem and the scattering of the nation down to the closing of the times of the Gentiles), seeing that the Advent of Jesus, as numerous [Page 113] plain predictions declare, will bring most terrible tribulation upon the Gentiles confederated together. Now it is a fact, corroborated by Zech. 14, etc., that when the last treading down of the Jews is accomplished by the Antichrist, when their cup of sorrow is completely filled, and when believers, engrafted as Jews, i.e. the seed of Abraham, have passed under the Antichristian scourge, that then Jesus thus comes with His saints; and it is to this open Coming after the Jews are smitten and the martyrs have been sacrificed by Antichrist, that Jesus reveals Himself to pour tribulation and anguish upon him and his allied hosts, followed by a gathering of His elect people the (Jewish nation as the prophets all predict - His own special inheritance), thus previously smitten, from all parts of the earth. This Coming is distinguished by remarkable signs which take place between its occurrence and the concealed (from the world) stage of the Advent. And in view of this prediction being specially given in reference to the Jewish nation, its downfall and continuance under Gentile dominion for a long period, it was eminently proper for Jesus to designate that particular stage of His Coming, which is to be exhibited in a marked manner in its behalf when the final blow has befallen it. The perfect accuracy of prediction, in its agreement, one with another, is thus vindicated; no conflict arises either in the prescribed order of events, or in the stated condition of the world preceding the Advent, or lit the prophecies pertaining to the manner of the Advent. (Comp. remarks on Advent, Proposition 130.)** Therefore it is, that, departing from the usual course pursued, we divide the signs relating to the Advent into two classes; one pertaining to those which precede the entire Advent or the first stage of it; and the other relating to the last stage of the Advent or embracing the signs in the interval between the two stages; the one stage occurring when even the righteous think not,” being suddenly “in that night;” and the other taking place when the righteous know that it must and will happen.***

 

 

* Sir Th. Browne (Religio Medici, 8. 46) long age shrewdly remarked: “‘There shall be signs in the moon and stars;’ how comes    He then like a thief in the night, when He gives an item of His Coming?” Comp. Proposition 130 and related ones. The Advent coming as “a snare” and “a net,” unbelief need not look for startling, miraculous signs; this would defeat the predictions. Lange (Com, Matt. 24: 38) makes an important statement well expressed: “The chronological end of the world is concealed by its seeming prosperity in the last days as in the days of the flood.” The Saviour in Matt. 24 did not give the time when these things should be, but He encouraged the inquiry respecting it by graciously presenting certain signs to indicate their nearness, Thus in reference to Jerusalem He did not give the exact time of its destruction, but specific signs by which believers - accepting of them - saved themselves from its ruin. So precisely is it with reference to the Second Advent - the signs are given and we must - if desirous to secure divine protection - avail ourselves of them.

 

 

** The only other passage that has been adduced to the contrary, viz., 2 Thess. 2: 8, we have already considered under Proposition 130 on Translation. This has also reference to the open manifestation of Christ which precedesthe day of the Lord Jesus” - a day however also preceded by the tribulation under the Antichrist and by the removal of some who shall not endure it. Hence the Thessalonian brethren are assured that they are not in darkness, that that day shall not come to them as a thief, etc.: because if faithful [and obedient (Rev. 3: 10)] they shall be raised up - being children of the day - to witness its incoming. The arguments of the Apostle, to allay their fears that the day of the Lord had already come, and they were not escaped, etc., is directed not so much as the Advent as to the day itself, and implies, upon the face of it, that owing to this incoming apostasy and the final revelation of the man of sin, not only that the Advent had not taken place, not only that the day of the Lord had not come, but distinctively refers to the latter as not coming until Antichrist is revealed and destroyed by the open manifestation of Jesus; and therefore the removal of the the Thessalonian brethren before the last event is a matter taken for [Page 114] granted, the promise being in the first Epistle. There is a delicacy most remarkable in Paul in not directly telling them how their escape should be brought to pass, leaving to them the bright prospect and continued hope that Jesus would protect them.

 

 

*** The reader will see from this and the statements under Proposition 130, etc., how utterly unreasonable has been the conduct of those who, like the Millerites and Second Adventists (differing widely from us on essential Millenarian points still held to a speedy Second Advent, professed to fix the exact day and hour of Christ’s Coming and assembled together, in ascension robes, to witness the Advent, totally overlooking the fact that the first stage of the Advent is the Coming like a thief, and not the open manifestation they anticipated. Without questioning the sincerity or piety of the parties, it evinces a lack of comparison of Scripture and of prudence, being eminently calculated to bring discredit and ridicule upon the hope of the Advent. Strange that this should be so often repeated, as e.g. recently a band of Second Adventists of Lewiston, Maine, under Elder Thurman, spent the evening of Good Friday, 1870, in watching until midnight. But stranger still, that men who believe in the Bib1e, its teachings and warnings respecting the Second Advent, should be influenced by such fanaticism to cast aside the whole subject as unworthy of serious consideration, just as if the misdirected zeal and enthusiasm of others could cancel the declarations of Scripture. For while it is true that Jesus said, “ye know not when” the time is; “what I say unto yon I say unto all, watch” (see Mark 13: 35-37), yet the very injunction of watching includes the idea of our ability to attain approximative knowledge - a sufficiency - so that, as Jesus also said, that day shall not come upon you unawares. The extremes are to be avoided: (1) to fix definite, positive time; (2) to ignore the signs; (3) and to encourage any interpretation or application that forbids or hinders a daily posture of watching.

 

 

OBSERVATION 3.  The signs preceding the first stage the Advent are all of such a nature, that, they appear, more or less, in every generation; and hence in view of their continued existence, have caused succeeding  centuries to hold (as e.g. Gregory the Great, Luther, and many others), that the end was very near, because the signs indicative of the same were really present.*1 These men too were not mistaken - as misapprehending and faultfinding unbelief would have it - in the signs; many of them were indeed painfully present, and  it is to the honour and piety of  these believers in the Word that they recognised them, and assumed the posture of servants looking for the Coming of the Master. Having already alluded to the practical reason for presenting signs, thus testifying before every succeeding generation, it may be added: that it is reasonable to suppose that such will assume a greater magnitude as the time of the end draws nigh, or, at least, that they appear in        such proportions that the believing (for whom alone they are intended) cannot mistake in their presence and import. The signs which the [Holy] Spirit calls our attention are the following:

 

 

1. The world will be in a comparative state of peace and prosperity; at least to a degree that it fondly hopes for peace and safety,” so that at the Coming of Jesus for His sleeping and living saints the usual routine of the world shall be going on, men claiming that (2 Pet. 3: 4) “all things continue as they were from the beginning of the creation.” Men’s thoughts and affections will be fixed on the things of the world, un-apprehensive of the evil nigh at hand. Jesus gives a vivid picture of the time when he says (Luke 17: 26-30), that men shall be engaged in eating, drinking, marrying, and giving in marriage, buying, selling, planting, and building - a representation not only of fancied security, but of a period of trust and confidence in the stability and perpetuity of a then existing state of things. Now while this has been the actual condition of the world, more or less, since the first century, is it not true that this feeling, this confidence in the endurance of the present ordering of nature is at the present time greatly intensified? When intelligent, scientific men send forth a multitude [Page 115] of books, when  leading periodical and journals go forth among  the masses, all teaching with a bold exaggeration the past and the future stability of things under the garb of “the unalterable laws of nature,” etc., it does not require any answer. No age before this has exhibited such extraordinary activity in producing a Noahic condition of man in this direction. And so much are the minds and the affections of the people taken up with the world, that not only are the things mentioned by Jesus made the special subjects of books, tracts, periodicals, organisations, etc., but they are the engrossing subjects of life for the immense majority. So patent is this, that it needs no additional remark; for thoughtful men, of all classes, have sufficiently commented on this feature. Things in themselves not sinful become such when allowed to reign supremely over the heart of man, and the trust, which God justly demands, is placed in them.*2

 

 

2. The existence of widespread belief in the warnings and words of God were characteristic of the days of Noah,*3 and Jesus informs us that it will be equally so at the time of His Coming, for “when the Son of Man cometh, shall He find [the] faith on the earth?” (Luke 18: 8). While unbelief has been evermore largely found in every age, yet it is more intense and commanding now than ever before, resulting not merely in the vast numbers thus given to unbelief but in the sad fact that multitudes of the leaders of society, scholars, statesmen, lecturers, etc. (see Propositions 177, and 180), are moulding society into such a Noahic condition. Unbelief has its able and earnest advocates by the thousand, and counts its hosts by the million: it has, amid its varied forms, enlisted into its service vigorous intellects aided by a powerful press, who are pushing on the assault against the Bible and Christianity with a boldness and a success (because acceptable to human nature), that is astonishing. One hundred years ago it would scarcely have been credited, if any one had foretold what we see to-day, so swift, and abounding has been the inroad of an unbelief which Antediluvian-like ridicules the idea of believing in God’s commandments and threats, and even dares to call into question His divine character and existence. The substitution of nature, or law, or humanity, or science, etc., in the place of the God of the Bible, is only too favourable in producing the predicted result and sign.*4

 

 

3. This unbelief, however, leads to the rising up of “scoffers” and to a direct denial of a certain truth. Peter after exhorting us to be mindful of the words spoken” (2 Pet. 3: 3, 4). adds: Knowing this first (“as one of the predictions which demand your special regard” - so Barnes loci) that there shall come in the last days scoffers, walking after their own lusts, and saying: Where is the promise of His coming?” Noah warned the people       of coming wrath against ungodliness, so now the Word warns the world of coming judgments at the Advent of the Son of Man, but men perversely ridicule both. However true this has been in the past, to-day it is specially manifested. Books and papers are abundantly circulated, which regard the Deluge as “a huge joke,” and scoff and sneer at a Coming Saviour as “an idle dream,” fit, only for weak, superstitious minds. Men in the highest ranks of intelligence and society lend themselves to this scoffing, and broadly record it in the current literature. The very plea, too, which Peter foretells, is now employed by them, viz., that the prophets were mistaken; that the proof of their mistake lies in the fact that the world has existed ever so long without their predictions being realized, so that, judging from the past, the uniformity of law forbids such Supernatural interference, and that those who confidently looked for those things were [Page 116] miserably deceived, etc. The general reader needs not to be told how extensively such views are circulated and embraced, and how offensively, scoffingly, they are uttered among the high and the low of the earth. And, the manner in which this objection is uttered, the spirit in which it is urged, also shows what Peter declares, viz., that they “are willingly ignorant,” etc., that they desire to hold such an opinion, that it suits their pleasure or will to be thus ignorant. How this is exhibited at present in hatred to the Bible, in a wilful procedure to undermine its authority, etc., is only too evident.*5

 

 

4. This injunction of Peter’s to notice “first,” as important evidence, how scoffers will arise and deny the Lord’s Coming, implies not only that such an Advent is the blessed hope,” but that it is largely dwelt upon, prominently brought to the public notice and represented as near, when the end approaches. Good and great men in the past centuries have thus held up the Coming of Jesus; and it is a most significant truth that the Eschatology has never been so intently studied;*6  that the nearness of Christ’s Coming has never been so widely and persistently proclaimed; that the cry: “Behold the Bridegroom Cometh,” has never been so loudly sounded in the ears of the Church and the world, that the warnings of prophet, apostles, and Jesus, to be constantly on the watch have never been so urgently pressed upon the attention of others, as within the last few years. While the number of advocates, compared with the multitude of unbelievers, are comparatively few yet they can be counted by the hundred and thousand; they can be found in all our leading churches, and have among them many who are noted for learning, ability, piety and usefulness.*7 Periodicals specially devoted to the subject, books and tracts in various languages enforcing the same, are scattered over the earth, so that the sign becomes exceedingly significant.*8

 

 

5. But the most saddening sign is that this questioning and unbelief respecting the reality and nearness of the Coming of Jesus is not confined to the world but to be found in the Church, among professing believers. The urgency and frequency with which Christ points out that those who declare themselves to be servants shall neglect to watch for His Coming and shall suffer loss - the repeated exhortations to watchfulness implying the neglect of it in the Church, and the startling question (Luke 18: 8) respecting faith in His Coming from which our best cities and commentators have inferred, rightfully that there will be but little - all this finds its mate in the Church of to-day. Large bodies of professing Christians (e.g. Swedenborgians, Unitarians, and others) have spiritualised the Advent away; ministers in high standing, (as e.g. recently Desprez in John, or the Apoc.) recommended the ruling out, as unreliable and false, of everything relating to this Second Advent.*9 Christian authors of celebrity (as Prof. Stuart, Dr. Brown, etc.) insist upon it, that the Millellarian doctrine of the speedy Coming of Christ is to be rejected as folly, etc.; while thousands of others, leaders too, either ignore it, or reproachfully allude to it as “fanatical” etc. It is but too true, that now men substitute death, or providence, or Jerusalem, or spiritual gifts, or something else, in the place of the Advent; and that as Mather aptly expressed it, “the sleeping medicineis profusely administered and gladly received. The Advent, [and coming millennial reign] is placed so remotely in the distance, or is so indefinitely regarded, that its practical influence (comp. Olshausen Com., vol. 2, p. 20) is lost. Even the wise virgins are affected thereby until the cry arouses them betimes.*10

 

[Page 117]

6. The Church shall be under trial. At no period in her history down to the Advent, shall she be entirely freed from the testing and suffering prescribed for her, as can be seen in the epitome of events from the First Advent down to the Second Advent given in Matt. 24; Mark 13; Luke 21; 2 Thess. 2, and in the positive assertions of the [Holy] Spirit that the world shall always hate, etc., the godly. This has always been true in the past; even the most prosperous external condition of the Church has she been compelled to fight against her enemies from within and without. This is true today: her enemies are numerous, they assault her from all sides, and however outwardly prosperous in some countries, in others her condition is feeble, and she finds herself overwhelmingly oppressed. The saddening reports of delegates at the last Evangelical Alliance at New York tell, in part, the sorrowful story. We have only to look at the once favoured Germany, at Austria, Spain, etc., and the truth of God’s Word is apparent. And yet there are intimations in the Word, that men shall overlook the imposed condition of trial, and shall prophecy peace and safety,” increased prosperity, and extended influence, etc., just as we now see the most eminent men, over against the most explicit declarations to the contrary, predict a most glorious future, world wide to the Church in its present ordering. These things thus conjoined, and practically witnessed, make careful students the more confirmed in the wisdom of constant watchfulness.*11

 

 

7. The Church under trial shall (like the Primitive Church, etc.) continue to proclaim the Gospel until it forms a witness unto all nations, and then shall the end come,” Matt. 24: 14. (Not to convert the nations but to be a testimony to them, see Proposition 175, and also consider how the word “all” “in all the world etc. may, according to Scripture usage, denote a large portion, etc., of it.) We have here a very extensive, general proclamation of the Gospel predicted, but nothing said that the testimony will be received; indeed we do know that while the Gospel saves them that believe, it also condemns those who reject it. Here, however, the preaching of it widespread among the nations over the earth, is given as a sign of the approaching end of this age or dispensation. This sign has always, more or less, existed even in the apostle’s day (Col. 1: 6, 23, etc.), but never as it presents itself to-day. The astonishing missionary labours over the globe, the Bible and Tract Societies with their astounding publications scattered over the earth, the remarkable revivals of religion (such were at Jerusalem before its destruction) in various countries, the union of prayer and effort, the Sunday-school interest, the Christian Alliances bringing into fraternal converse brethren of all climes, the extended work of the various individual denominations through their several Boards, Institutions, etc. - these are things so pertinent in fulfilment that they bring out this sign to the observant with great and thrilling distinctness. Melville, Newton, and a host of able writers, have aptly said: “that the Gospel preached for a witness, conveys the idea of rejection rather than acceptance,” and this is abundantly corroborated by other Scripture, making it true down to the end itself that many are called but few chosen.” This then is a sign, not as many take it, of the conversion of the nations, but of the approaching end, just as the entire early Church, instructed by the inspired preachers of this same Gospel, held and taught. Jesus expresses this sign in the most general terms, so that as the amount of witnessing to each nation or to all of them combined [Page 118] is not stated definitely, it may, for aught we know to the contrary, close almost any day. The leading nations of the earth have long had this witness, and it has been borne to almost every tribe upon the face of earth, how much more before the Second Advent is yet to be done God alone knows.

 

 

8. While the Gospel is preached as a witness, while the devotion of those who love Jesus leads to advocacy of the truth, another sign is the condition of the Church itself. It is not merely the continued mixture of the tares with the wheat but a fearful preponderating of the tares over the wheat. Outward prosperity, the building of massive churches, the increase of riches, the influx of numbers, etc., is no criterion of piety as the Word and the history of the past shows. The Laodicean state has been too often repeated (which has often led good men to think that the end was near) to mislead us. Now, aside from the Scripture which teaches us that the Gentiles shall become hiqh-minded;” that there will be a woeful lack of faith; that many,” who prophecy, etc., in His name shall be rejected; that the Church as a body, shall be unprepared for His Coming, it is sufficient to direct the reader to the simple fact, that something of the kind must necessarily precede the end, because the Church must endure the last great tribulation under the Antichrist. If worthy and pure, she would  escape it, but in view of her moral condition she is to pass through its purifying fires. Seeing then what is before her, as the end draws nigh we ought to behold in her that evil which will bring the heavy predicted infliction upon her. Alas! looking around and contrasting the Church with the positive requirements of the Word, what do we behold? Admitting the piety and fervent love and labour existing in denominations (for if it were not for this, the time would be shortened in judgment), yet do not godly men in all Churches deplore the existing divisions - bigotry - intolerance - mere nominal profession - undue elevation of the Sacraments - exaltation of creed above the Bible - substitution of tradition for Revelation - yielding up of inspiration and truth to science - faith exchanged for reason - ignoring of vital doctrines and practical truths - the lowering of the Supernatural to a more natural basis - neglect of prayer and worship - the feasting, etc., to procure Church and benevolent funds - aping after fashion, extravagance of dress, and exhibition of pride - fashionable music and accommodating preaching - the spirit of covetousness, together with the ostentation and parade in giving - the ostentatious eulogy of past benevolence - greater attachment and love for measures and reforms outside of the Church - the puffing of institutions, men, books, and sermons beyond truth - the non-confessing of Christ during the week - the advance of infidelity among the ministry and laity - sensational preachers - the use of scriptural terms while the reality is denied - the debasement of duty to policy - the direct Romanising, tendencies - the fanaticism and sectarianism on the one part and a broad tolerance upon the other - the coldness, even deadness manifested - the study of human systems, etc., to the neglect of the Bible - the softening and toning down of Cod’s rebukes - the lack of family religion - the straining at a gnat and swallowing of a camel - the trust in self-righteousness - the confidence in man’s ability and regenerating power of  humanity - the seeking, after earthly things to the neglect of the spiritual - the returning evil for evil - the envy, contention, want of charity, slandering, etc., too often manifested - the intemperance, impatience, murmuring [Page 119] arrogance, flattery, boasting, etc., exhibited - the form of godliness, but denying the power - the merely sentimental, poetical, philosophical, scientific preaching - the spirit so prevalent to entertain or amuse the people by the introduction of novelties, etc. - in brief, through the whole category of things forbidden by the Word. It is eminently true to-day, that while many,” profess and loudly too, the real followers of Christ are few.” Hence judgment may come at any time.*13

 

 

9. But this is not all: while the immense majority of the professing Church is only nominally Christian, and given to mere formalism (often propagated with mistaken zeal), it is a significant sign of the present day, that overlooking the real condition of things and mistaking the mission of the Church, so many of its representative men looking only at the riches and increase in goods, at the professing numbers, etc., stand up and, imitating the example of others in the days of Constantine, predict continued and ever growing prosperity. Blinded by the magnificent and numerous Churches, by the revivals of religion, by the vast operations of the institutions, etc., they prophesy, not of coming tribulation, not of a nearness to the end, not of God’s coming controversy with the nations of the earth, but of peace and triumph through existing instrumentalities. The Jubilee Hymns, thousands of books, periodicals. etc., are full of it; we hear it in singing, prayer and preaching all over the earth, Now if the Advent is really as predicted, to come upon the Church unawares, unexpectedly, when both wise and foolish virgins are asleep, reason teaches us that preliminary to such a Coming and condition of the Church, there must be a course of teaching, a popular representation of doctrine to bring the Church, into so false and dangerous a position. And well, too, may we suppose this cannot and will not be accomplished unless, men of eminent ability and devotion - acknowledged leaders perform this saddening work of influencing the minds of the masses. The student, faith is in God’s predictions, accepts this as a sign remarkable in this age.*14

 

 

10. There is another sign attached to the Church, the worst of all, and the most significant, viz., the fearful apostasy witnessed in her. *15 The reason why Paul so guardedly expresses himself, e.g. 2 Thess. 2, concerning the falling away and the rise of Antichrist is, that in every generation such apostatising and (as John says even existed in his day) Antichristian powers should be witnessed, so that the believing might be influenced to occupy the position of watchfulness. We see how it did this in the past, and surely it ought, in view of what we behold, have the same, and even greater, tendency to-day. See how vast, the most powerful organizations have fallen away from truth; how bodies counting their millions of adherents are in direct opposition to Bible doctrine and primitive belief; how hundreds of smaller sects, communities, etc., in the aggregate swelling to a great multitude, deny the most fundamental truths, dishonour the Christ by their views and practices, and elevate their own human derived revelations, etc., above the Scriptures. Bad and extended as the apostasy was in the past, yet it is a fact, undeniable that so far as mere numbers or the variety of form is concerned, that to-day more of mankind are enthralled at one time in the meshes of apostasy than over before. Behold the Papacy (crippled indeed in her temporal power but as vigorous as ever in apostatising as witnessed recently in the promulgation of the immaculate conception, infallibility of the Pope, etc.), the Greek Church (in its exaltation of [Page 120] sacraments, etc.) the Mormons, and, in brief, a large number out of the hundreds of conflicting systems of belief now extant in the world, and is it not true that while old forms of heresy and antagonism are retained and received, new forms have sprung up in all directions. Seeing this state among the  people of God, a state to which infidelity (not recognising how God’s spirit has predicted it as a result of human nature) sneeringly points as indicative of the unreality of Christianity, a state in which is fearfully realised Paul’s (2 Tim. 4: 3) prediction: For the time will come, when they will not endure sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears; and they shall turn away their ears from the truth and shall be turned unto fables.” Alas! how true in the past, and how true at the present time. The thoughtful may well ponder it, when witnessing the wonderful activity of all connected therewith. Such a condition, however painful, is a prerequisite to the development of the culminated Antichrist.*16

 

 

11. Another sign is the continued conversion of some. No matter how great the apostasy, how mighty the defection, yet as the design of this dispensation is to gather out them that believe, to call and save some in order to form a chosen body in the Theocratic ordering, there always must, and will be, a true and faithful people of God; not indeed, as some foolishly and arrogantly claim, all belonging to this or that body of professing believers, but, found in the various denominations, God-obeying and fearing men and women who have heartily embraced the Saviour provided for them. The preached Word, now, as ever, will find its different classes of hearers, but among them is one, the minority it may be, which receives the truth in honest hearts and develops the fruits of righteousness pertaining to it. This has always been so, even in the darkest period, but, it is eminently the case now. While the tares are numerous, tall and great, there, is more wheat to-day in the field than ever before at one time. In all countries it is growing, ready to fill the garner. This encourages us to believe that the end is near, for it shows the present success in gathering out that elect number who are to inherit the [Messianic] Kingdom, and that the number is being rapidly completed. The recent successful labours of ministers and laymen    are encouraging amid the widespread lukewarmness, coldness, deadness and apostasy of the Church, and like the remarkable success of apostolic preaching in Jerusalem, may be the immediate forerunners of the speedy Coming end. God is graciously and mercifully working, not willing that any should perish, but such grace and mercy must not be received as indicative of the non-fulfilment of His own predictions. The past dealings of God show, that just before the inflation of righteous judgment He has been most kind and condescending, and thus it may be again.*17

 

 

12. Another sign is the present recovering strength of the Papacy. Men, in view of the loss of her temporal dominions have predicted her continued diminution of power among the nations, but this down to the concealed or first stage of the Advent cannot and will not take place. The mistake has arisen from confounding the culminated Antichrist with the Papacy, a mistake that is now generally avoided by prophetical writers (see Proposition 161, etc.) It is distinctly predicted that the Papacy (the only body existing that fully meets in every particular the prophetical description) shall exist down beyond the gathering of the 144,000 (Rev. 14: 8), and shall come to an end before (Rev. 17: 16) the battle of the great day [Page 121]  (Rev. 19: 19, 20, for the “false Prophet” is thus unmistakably shown to be different from the Papacy). It is yet to play an important part, and to experience a terrible ordeal from the nations whom it has seduced, even after the resurrection and translation of a chosen body. Hence it is reasonable not to look for its destruction, but rather for increased vigour and renewed claims. These are accordingly found in it, for notwithstanding the blows it has received, it is yet the most powerful in numbers, and its influence is widening in England, America and other countries. Its recent dogmas give it a certain maturity that in this age is significant; its ancient spirit is revived and is manifested in extraordinary missionary efforts and a propagandism that is successful in gaining converts among the influential and powerful, as well as among the weak and lowly. Anticipating her doom as delineated in prophecy, her present struggles to regain a supremacy over the nations of the earth, are of deep interest, inasmuch as they indicate precisely that state of affairs which, by the revival of Hildebrandic claims, etc., will inevitably bring upon her that hatred of nations resulting in her final and total ruin. Therefore the position and assumptions of the Papacy are way-marks of nearness that the thoughtful will do well to consider. She invites the storm, and it will come in due time with overwhelming fury.*18

 

 

13. The confidence in the flesh,” or the schemes for the regeneration of society through the development of Humanity, is a noted sign of the present day. While the spirit has always, more or less, existed, it is only more recently that it has been wonderfully developed. Socialism, Communism, Harmonial Philosophy, Pantheism, Rationalism, Politics, etc., are all endeavouring to show how the world is to be reformed. It is not simply unbelief in the Word that exists, but such confidence in the ability of man to elevate himself to the highest state of perfection, that multitudes of the intelligent and able are suggesting and advocating plans for the amelioration and exaltation of the race, independent of, and esteemed far better than, God’s plan. Some present an Eclectic scheme which even praises Christ as a model of humanity while denying His being a Redeemer; others cut loose from the Bible entirely and give us new plans of “Reform,” “Rights, “Liberty,” etc. All agree in denying what God says respecting humanity, and the necessity of having a Mediator and Redeemer. Its advocates are to be counted by the thousand, and embrace leading writers of all classes, from those who endeavour to make their views as little offensive as possible to Christian belief to those who are most outrageous blasphemers. Now let the reader consider the state of the world as predicted immediately before the end; the world arrayed in hostility to Christ and His Word, confederated against Him, and surely if we are drawing near to that period, it is reasonable to see the elements already working preliminary to such a result. Hence, this condition is the very one that ought to be anticipated, viz. that men under the plausible pleas of perfectibility, etc., should be led astray.*19

 

 

14. The most insidious forms and elements are used, to lead to a practical unbelief of the Word, and to induce a spirit of worldliness. Thus e.g. the cry of toleration raised in many quarters. While intolerance is manifested in some directions in sects and in the world (and infidelity rejoices in holding up the intolerance of the old Genevan, Scottish and Paritan state, without any effort at considering the motives and the age), yet, so far as the Church is concerned, the leaven of toleration, as now advocated [Page 122] by leading minds, is far more dangerous. Cheerfully admitting the unity of believers in Christ, and the fraternal feeling and association that should characterise such, our remarks are not intended for that toleration of others who hold to the fundamental truths pertaining to Christ, and who in faith receive Him as the Saviour; and we exclude not the allowing to others the liberty of worshipping God according to the dictates of conscience and knowledge possessed. They apply to that looseness of doctrinal position, which pretends to make life all and doctrine nothing; which is willing to receive into fraternal union and cordial sympathy those who deny the necessity of repentance and faith, of having a sacrifice for sin, of having a divine-human Saviour, etc. It is painfully evident that many truths clearly taught in the Bible, and always esteemed as fundamental in forming a Christian, are now discarded by ministers and laymen. A “Broad Church” embracing the reception of, and affiliation with, virtual unbelievers, denying or explaining away inspiration, rejecting long portions of the Word is impracticable at this day, exaggerating the knowledge of the present day over that of inspired men, etc., is advocated by large numbers of scholarly men. A blood bought Church is to them a superstition of the past; an humble trust and reliance upon all Scripture is given by holy men, is to them evidence of folly; the limiting of the capabilities of human nature, making a direct divine interference necessary in Salvation is to them an exploded theory; and thus, through a large category. They pride themselves in a man-devised Reformation with a sufficient interpretation of Scripture and religions phraseology to give it a Christian colouring, and to conceal the false views of man and of the Gospel entertained, and often eloquently expressed. This fraternising with and acknowledging of those as brethren in Christ who deny the claims of Christ, not only paves the way for the condition of unbelief at the Advent but prepares many for the spirit of antagonism and intolerance which is to be fearfully exhibited. *20

 

 

15. Thoughtful men too will ponder a remarkable feature presented in our day, viz. the earnest desire for union upon a truly scriptural basis. The impending struggle with unbelief, the diversity and dangers existing within and without the Church, the threatening aspect of multitudes, has led pious and devoted men of various creeds to long for, and inaugurate, measures which should bring true believers throughout the world, into closer connection and fraternal interchange. The General Alliances as well as the more particular, indicate this feeling and extent to which it is carried. So also the Week of Prayer in which so many participate. In view of what is in store for the Church, viz. the terrible persecution so clearly predicted, and which must infallibly come, it is significant that godly men - no matter how they arc regarded by intolerant brethren confessionally or sacramentally bound - everywhere feel the importance and necessity of movements in this very direction. Indeed, it is precisely what we ought to anticipate, being preliminary to the encouragement that the Church will need and the work she will have to perform when the hour of trial shall come. 1 Cor. 13 is fulfilling on a scale never before witnessed. *21

 

 

16. The existence of widespread corruption [i.e., demonic activity], just as it was in the days of Noah, is characteristic of the period preceding the Advent. Such corruption has, more or less, continuously existed, and at certain intervals, when specially manifested, has called forth, from the godly, belief in a speedy [Page 123] Advent. But it is to be noticed that such wickedness is always proportionate to the amount of light enjoyed, and if the advantages, privileges, testimony, etc., of the present day are regarded, the wickedness is far greater than at any other time, being the more inexcusable. Consider the crime annually committed; the awful statistics of our towns and cities; the arson, robbery, adultery, fornication, rape, prostitution, divorce, free-loveism, swindling, fraud, strikes, profanity, drunkenness, violence, murder, assassinations, etc., reported by our newspapers (and which  really is but a small portion of what is actually done), and all this committed where the Gospel is accessible, and who can estimate the enormity of such sinfulness. So great and wide spread is it too, that many even of the secular press direct attention to it as something deplorable, indicating a state of morals which must, if not in some way checked, lead to disastrous consequences. Can we take up a newspaper without seeing evidence of such a state? Admitting the good, at the side of it stands an immense amount or evil. And this is only introductory to that which is yet to come. If the sinfulness of the world, of our cities and towns were steadily diminishing; if the statistics of crime would indicate a constantly lessening number; the sign would fail, but as the end is approaching when an overwhelming flood of evil springing out of corrupt human nature is to be experienced, the evidence of such corruption, if we are near, in its preliminary forms must be existing. That they do so, no believer in the denunciations of sinfulness by God can possibly deny. Hence we hold them, as the [Holy] Spirit has taught us, a sign of approaching judgments.*22

 

 

17. But this is not all, for while the Saviour has in general terms directed us to the days of Noah and Lot, the [Holy] Spirit has more particularly described the time preceding the Advent, and we have only to compare such predictions with the present to satisfy ourselves that they are painfully manifested. Thus e.g. 1 Tim. 4: 1-4, “Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils; speaking lies in hypocrisy; having their conscience seared with a hot iron; forbidding to marry and commanding to abstain from meats,” etc. However applicable this may be to Socialistic and other theories; however prevalent in some of its features here and there, yet more recently a system has arisen, which in view of the number respectability of its defenders is a significant fulfilment of the prediction. While Spiritualism has existed in some of its forms before (even table-rapping, etc., practised by the Jews, p. 369 Delitzsch’s Sys. of Rib. Psye.), *23 yet only recently that extensive works, numerous writings, etc. have perfected it into a sort of religious system, claiming a large host of adherents. However much the Papacy, etc., has invoked the aid of demons (i.e. the souls of men who have died, in prayer, or of Mary as a kind of goddess, or of supposed divine agents), this is pre-eminently characteristic of Spiritualism - its leading, fundamental doctrine. Doctrines of Devils,” or rather of demons,” has been by the best of interpreters and by numerous critics, in view of the meaning of the original, applied, and justly, to doctrines respecting or derived professedly from the souls of departed ones. The word demons translated Devils may denote “a god or goddess, or a divine being, or the souls of deceased persons, forming tutelary divinities, geniuses, or teachers, and lastly a demon in the Jewish sense, a bad spirit subject to Satan” - so Barnes Com. loci, and many others.*24 The fulfilment determines what meaning is to be applied, and this we find [Page 124] in the system now arising, viz., the teaching of doctrines pertaining to, and professedly derived from, the souls of deceased persons. A system so exclusively based upon this feature is certainly a sign that ought to arrest attention. Departing from the faith as laid down; giving heed to seducing spirits; such doctrines are received in place of divine Revelation. The briefest summary of some of these doctrines will sufficiently illustrate the anti-Christian nature of it. It claims to be a “New Dispensation” (Judge Edmonds) a “new way of religious Light” (Hare); its authority to be superior to that of the Bible (Harris); which teaches that there is no

Divinity in Christ (excepting as belongs to all men in common), and that He was only a medium (Harris); that there is no atonement in Him and no salvation by faith (Harris) that there is no resurrection of the dead and no eternal judgment (Owen) that sin is ill impossibility and rightly considered vice is virtue.*25 It is taught by some that “nature is God” and that “all things originate in nature” (Harris); that all men irrespective of character will be saved (Harris); that we can even pray to the devil (so Miss Doten, Banner of Light, Dec. 21, 1861, and March 1, 1862, etc.,); and that marriage as now constituted and enjoined is a curse and should be abrogated for “spiritual affinities” (Spear, Banner of  Light, Spi. Telegraph, etc). The sickening list could well be extended as held by extremists, and more or less connived at by the moderates, *26 but this will suffice to show how accurately God’s Holy Word is fulfilling before our eyes, and in things too which are said to be given as expressly illustrative of the last times.” But in connection with these things, so many others are added adapted to the longings and spiritual cravings of man, that a large number influenced by the boasted “life and immortality brought to light” by it, accept of the system without seeing or appreciating the depths of iniquity. Now the careful student of the Word, who sees it clearly predicted that, as the time of the end draws nigh, there must be a powerful spirit gradually introduced to pave the way for the great Antichrist, looks around, as an evidence, of the approaching end, for this spirit. He beholds it, alas, fearfully predominant not only in Rationalism, Socialism, etc., but again lifted up in this widespread delusion extending to the pulpit and the pew, to all classes and professions, and so fascinating in its appeals to the heart, that men of intelligence and high position become its willing converts and defenders.*27

 

 

18. The Spirit widens the evidence or signs by giving us a cluster of them in 2 Tim. 3: 1-9This know also, that in the last days perilous times shall come,” etc. Now while the characters following have always more, or less, existed, it is also true - as needs be for a sign - that they are abundantly manifested to-day. Let us briefly survey them. (a) For men shall be lovers of their own s elves- selfishness is eminently characteristic of these times, so much so that it needs no corroboration. (b) “Covetous;” the love of money is another marked feature of the age, evidencing itself in a thousand ways. (c) “Boasters;” how much this is exhibited in the arrogation of things, in inordinate self-conceit, etc., we leave the reader to judge. (d) “Proud;” unreasonable self-esteem, an overweaning conceit of supposed superiority in wealth, position, talents, beauty, dress, accomplishments, station, knowledge, etc., is so abundant on all sides that it needs no proof. (c) “Inventors of evil things;” behold the various devices to gratify passion without discovery, the introduction of new forms of luxury, new modes of gratification, new arts and plans to practice evil, etc. [Page 125] Some things are of so dark a nature that a hint alone must suffice. In the moral, religious, social, physical, such things exist, and to so great in extent that statesmen and eminent jurists have directed attention to it as exceedingly lamentable. (f) “Disobedient to parents;” how largely this is indicative of the age has been the complaint of many writers, witnessed as it is in a disregard to home influence, and congregating in places of public resort, in idleness, wilfulness, vanity, want of honour in speech and attention, etc., that it has become common to speak of “young America,” “fast young men and women,” etc. The saloons, numerous public entertainments, etc., foster this spirit. (g) “Unthankful,” i.e., manifesting ingratitude - how this is made apparent, needs no commentary, both toward God and man. (h) “Unholy,” i.e., are regardless of duty to God and man, possess no piety and are irreligious. The multitudes in this sad condition and boasting even of it, is the mate to the prediction. (i) Without natural affection,” i.e., a want of regard for children. It  is, aside from other considerations, amply sufficient that the most eminent medical men have pointed out as a crying sin of this and other nations the child-murder in the womb and the preventives (so boldly advertised and circulated in books employed. Statistics of decrease in some localities perfectly startling are presented. (j) “Truce breakers,” i.e., those who violate compacts or agreements. A disregard of one’s word, an aversion to be held by a given compact, a violation of trust, is undoubtedly a characteristic of the age as evidenced in the frequent failures of trust, the swindling operations, etc. (k) False accusers;” that is, those who are (marg. read) makeabates,” given to exciting contention and quarrels. Society suffers greatly, in all its relations, from this class. (l) “Incontinent.” i.e. without strength to resist the solicitations of passion. How mighty this is evidenced in intemperance, sensuality, places of assignation, etc., is self-evident. (m) “Fierce;” i.e., harsh, severe toward others. The lack of gentleness, mildness, meekness, and the exhibition of harshness and cruelty is so general, that scarcely a newspaper can be read without containing its illustrations of the fact. (m) “Despisers of those who are good:” how largely this is characteristic of the times is loudly proclaimed in the multitude of books and papers which speak disparagingly and contemptuously of the ministry and all upholders of Christianity. (n) “Traitors” - persons who are willing to betray friend and country - to betray the trust of friend, employer, and company - to betray the confidence even of wife or husband, etc., are but too abundant. (o) “Heady,” i.e., precipitate, rash. There is no enterprise or project, however foolish and inconsiderate, but what crowds are hurried into it, even if it leads to disturbing the order and peace of society, and ultimately to ruin. Every day is this tendency illustrated the world over. (p) “High-minded,” i.e., puffed up, inflated with pride. Men, not merely proud but, overbearing in pride, esteeming themselves better than all others in attainments, wisdom, knowledge, etc. are but too frequent. (q) “Lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God;” how trite is this of the multitude, who are willing to sacrifice God and His truth for the sake of pleasures, gratification, and dissipation. (r) “Having a form of godliness but denying the power thereof:” many profess religion, make a parade of the forms of some religion, but allow true piety to have no controlling influence upon the heart and life. Alas, we have this noticeable in the most bigoted adherence to, and show of, forms. Thus far this Scripture corroborated by others,*28 and [Page 126] as all these characters are existing - not one missing - and that too in large growing numbers, no wonder that godly men esteem such a fulfilment before our eyes evidence of nearness.*29

 

 

19. The continued unbelief of the Jewish nation down to the Advent. Some infer the contrary and promise us a great previous conversion of the Jews. The fig-tree putting forth its leaves is taken for a figurative representation of the nation (but it proves too much as Luke 21: 29 adds “and all the trees.”) in this transition state, while the parable is simply illustrative of our ability to discern the signs of the times. Aside from other considerations, the continued unbelief of the nation is made apparent from two things: first, the miserable condition it will be in just previous to the open manifestation of Christ and His saints, as e.g. portrayed in Zech. 14, which state is the result of their unbelief. Second, the manner of their conversion is specifically made concomitant with the Advent itself - unbelief continuing down (Proposition 113) until they shall see Him, Whom they pierced. The     144,000 in Rev. alleged to be Jews, are indeed such, but engrafted ones - with some natural Jews with them - into the Jewish stock. If Jewish tribulation, or Jewish unbelief, were to cease before the Advent, then one of the signs  would fail its, but being seen, and having now already extended over a dreary eighteen centuries, well may we ask, how long yet? Surely the time elapsed, has very materially, greatly shortened what yet remains. The unbelief of the Orthodox and Liberal Jews is sufficiently manifested. *30

 

 

20. While this is so, yet another sign, which a comparison of prophecy develops, is important, viz., that as there shall be a restoration of a portion of the Jews to Jerusalem before or when the last great Antichrist (who attacks them) arises, if we are really nearing the end, a special interest should be taken by the Jews in the Holy Land with a view toward its ultimate recovery. How this has been recently exhibited by prominent Jews in Europe and other countries is well known; how earnestly they desire to be there is still apparent from their pilgrimages to the city, the high esteem in which they hold it, and the fervent prayers uttered in behalf of it. The amelioration of their condition in leading countries, the wealth possessed and power exerted, by them, etc., are all requirements requisite to bring about a speedy fulfilment of the Word. *31

 

 

21. In addition to this one, if the Jews are again to return and occupy Jerusalem, then in the nature of the case, such a wasting or weakening of the Ottoman power which holds the Holy Land, should be witnessed as to make it comparatively easy, when the full time comes, for them to regain it. It is contrary to all precedent that Turkey would yield up such a province, so contiguous and advantageous, without a struggle. But crippled and gradually exhausted, the enterprise becomes less and less difficult. Now if we really are approaching toward the end, are nigh to it, we ought to see this process of demolition going on, converting one of the most powerful of umpires into so weak a power as has happened, that for many years its civil and political integrity was preserved mainly through foreign powers, and Turkey has been proclaimed “the dying man.” All prophetical writers, without exception, find it a truly significant sign. *32

 

 

22. Another is, that we are not only living under the divided form, the disintegrated condition of the Roman Empire, the lower part of the image representative of Gentile times, amid the mingling of and commingling of nations, etc., but during the headless condition of this empire, a condition which, as Revelation teaches, is not far removed from the end, Proposition 160. [Page 127] The chronological position that we to-day occupy in its history, is intensely suggestive to the careful prophetic student. No intelligent man can study it, and the connection that it sustains to the whole, without being deeply and powerfully impressed with a sense of nearness to the end. From the days of the distinguished Mede to the present, every writer on the subject has expressed this conviction necessarily growing out of it.*33

 

 

23. In view of the fact that nations shall be confederated against the Christ, the student of prophecy in connection with the evils enumerated, will not forget to notice, the signs in the political horizon. The political intrigue and corruption, the vast indebtedness, the tax of standing armies, the elements of discord in sectional interests, the strife between capital and labour, the monopolies so largely fostered, the ineffectiveness of law, the bribery in elections and high places, the lobbying of legislative interests, the natural sins of the past and present, the direct antagonism of existing parties, etc. we see giving abundant fuel already prepared for the fiery outburst of that wild and destructive storm which is to revolutionise the nations, and make them confederate in anti-Christian policy and attack. It is true, that the prophecy points us more directly to the old Roman earth, but all nations shall, more or less, feel the coming whirlwind. The unsettled condition of European nations, the social agitation, the destructive elements (again and again pressed down by force), the revolutionary spirit within them, the imperial and republican, the ultramontane and liberal forces, etc., are things so well known that a mere mention will suffice. Yet these are the very things that nearness indicates.*34

 

 

24. Another sign is the vast activity of the press in behalf of evil. Gratefully acknowledging the amount of good that it has done, the millions of Bibles, religious books, papers, tracts, etc., that it has printed, yet it is a fact that we ought not, to conceal from ourselves that it is still more powerfully used in behalf of evil. We leave a man, who has no sympathy with our doctrinal position, and who fondly predicts continued progress merging into a Millennium, give us the statistics of one country. John Angell James (Church in Earnest, p. 89) gives some lengthy statistics of the press in Great Britain, the footing of which shows, that, while in one year the issues of absolutely vicious and corrupting literature was 28,826,000 that of Bibles, Testaments, papers, and periodicals of all kinds pertaining to religion, amounted to 24,418,620, leaving a balance of 4,407,380 in favour of pernicious papers. To this startling balance, we are assured that millions more can be safely added. Since then such publications have multiplied, catering to the corrupt passions of man. It is simply appalling and has become so glaring even in this country, that at times the government had to interfere, in forbidding the circulation of the worst forms through the Post Office, and in seizures. Places like New York, Boston, Chicago, etc., send forth daily and weekly an enormous amount. Now if evil is to be predominant as soon as we anticipate; if it is surely and steadily drawing nigh such an element of power as the press ought to be wielded with telling force in its interest. Alas! this too is already accomplished. *35

 

 

25. The astonishing increase of knowledge (Dan. 12: 4), is another sign. If this refers, as many believe, to knowledge respecting prophecy, then is it verified in the diligent and successful labours of life-long prophetical students within the last fifty years, and, especially, in the recent efforts of and American writers on the same subject. But if (to which we [Page 128] now more specially direct attention) it includes an increase of knowledge in general, connected with a general activity, etc., then let this [ungodly, and spiritually blind] age with its marked progress in all the sciences, wonderful discoveries and inventions, etc., be considered, and is it not strictly true, that, with the facilities now enjoyed, there is a rapid and constant advance among the nations in the dissemination of knowledge of all [secular] kinds. The multiplication of educational advantages, institutions, and the devotion of multitudes to varied branches of learning, as well as the astonishing increase of books on all known subjects brought within easy reach of all, is doing wonders in this direction. If it were sanctified, it might be a sign of good, but unsanctified as the mass is, it becomes a sign of approaching evil. Mere knowledge and progress, is not holiness, but adds greatly to responsibility; instead of being regenerators of the world (as many dream) they are mercifully designed to lead us to the only Regenerator, the Christ. The thoughtful ponder such things, in view too of steam and electricity bringing the nations into daily communication and removing the effect of distances, as a state necessarily preparative to the mighty changes which still await the world.*36

 

 

26. Even what men regard as the ordinary outgrowth of nature, or as incidentals in the history of nations, are signs, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, pestilences, wars, famines, floods, hailstorms, cyclones, meteors, plagues, [.viruses and pandemics] etc. Such things are indeed continuously to exist, more or less, down to the end [of this evil age] itself as a part of the entailed curse. And, if they should fail, if any one of them should fail, then God’s Word would fail. Being connected with the curse, standing related to the moral, it is reasonable to anticipate, that as we reach toward the end, and especially when humanity is boasting itself in progress and hopes of deliverance that God would continue these, if not intensify them, both as a sign to those who fear Him, and as evidence to the worshippers of nature that her hidden forces are beyond man’s control to regenerate. Naturalists and Scientists, unbelieving, laugh at our credulity in believing such things to stand for signs, when they themselves within the grasp of these terrible messengers are compelled to admit their inability to cope with them, and are as helpless to avert the evil as the babe. Oosterzee (Ch. Dog., vol. 2, p. 796) says: “Considering the inseparable connection between the natural and moral world, which is made manifest in many a word and fact of saving Revelation, it cannot sound incredible to us that inanimate nature also shall feel the thrill of the shocks, which cause the heart of the animate to quail; although we hold ourselves utterly incompetent to determine what in this part of the Eschatological proclamation, is to be taken literally and what is not.” This is true; hence while abstaining from particularising, yet there is a sufficiency given to show that the feeling so universally held by the Church in the Past, that nature itself, as a sufferer and as a witness of God’s would participate in testifying to coming wrath, is undoubtedly a correct one. Material forces have constantly in the past been employed by God to subserve moral ends, and it is the most reasonable to conclude that He will specially do so as the end of this dispensation draws nigh; which is corroborated, not only by the past understanding of the great and good but, even by an instinctive dread which thus anticipates them, both being founded on the correct idea that they are forces under God’s control and command. Now let the reader consider the events of the last twenty years, the constantly recurring evils and inflictions over all the earth, the lack of no [Page 129] former ones with the introduction of new ones, and with all that is past and present history, consider the constantly recurring wars - as if purposely to show how vain the hopes of humanity - the present attitude and warlike of nations in their heavy armaments, etc., and all these instrumentalities for the destruction of human life and property on an enlarged scale, are evidences, not merely of the continued corruption of human nature but of approaching [Divine] wrath. They teach a lesson if we will hearken to it, of the long delayed vengeance coming which even now occasionally gleams across the bosom of nature and fitfully plays with the wrath of man. If the thunderbolts shot forth from disturbed nature upon helpless man; if the woes and horrors of cruel war springing from depraved human nature, cannot and do not arrest the attention of proud man leading him to knowledge that God must come to remove them if ever removed, and to pray to Him to speedily come and perform so glorious a work (according to His Word), then indeed the lessons intended by Providence and enforced by sad experience fail in inspiring the faith and hope which God mercifully intends by them. *37

 

 

27. Another sign is the distinct peace and safety cry. We do not refer to that resulting from the denial of the Supernatural, or the rejection of the nearness of the Second Advent or the spiritualizing of Scripture, or the dreams of progress and the ultimate conversion of the world, but to that significant utterance given by “Peace Societies.” Such are organised with a large membership of eminent ministers and laymen, publishing periodicals, pamphlets, books and tracts in behalf of their predictions and dreams of Peace and Safety.” Refusing to accept of God’s delineation of this dispensation down to the end (including war and rumours of war, etc.), and placing in this [Christ-rejecting and apostate] age the peace and safety that only result from the personal Advent and reign of Jesus and His glorified saints, they present a glorious (but false) representation of the future, that is eminently calculated to mislead many. (Comp. 175 and 176.) *38

 

 

28. The wealth of the Church is another sign. She is now saying, I am rich and increased with goods (Lange yea I have become exceedingly rich”), Rev. 3: 17. Whatever it may include respecting professed spiritual riches (Lange etc., ) the language itself decidedly refers to riches literally, so much so that some (Stuart, Wetstein, Vitringa, etc.) confine it thus to earthly wealth, while others (as Barnes) include both ideas. Even such as favour the one idea do not exclude the other, for as Lange (loci) remarks: “the connection between external riches and the danger of an inward conceit of riches cannot be ignored.” The immense endowments, the costly churches, the large investments looking to perpetuity, the boasted incomes, the parade of vast yearly contributions, the large salaries, the societies with established funds the educational and publishing interests, etc., all evidence a state of prosperity and riches which is more and more becoming the pride and boast of the Church - so much so, that it is taken as evidence of substantial progress to Millennial glory, and the cry is virtually raised, as “have need of nothing,” i.e., we are indeed rich, having enough of everything. Having wealth, with a spirit of self-complacency, they deem themselves elevated to a high and favoured condition.*39

 

 

29. The almost universal desire to become rich, the methods resorted to in order to increase wealth, the gigantic monopolies arising, the hoarding of riches, the aggressiveness of capitalists (James 5: 1-3, etc.) is not the least sign of approaching nearness to the end. Mammon worshipping, [Page 130] a determination to be rich without regard to principle, encroachments upon the poor, oppressive measures to secure opulence and luxury, these are characteristics of the last days. How prevalent they are to-day is self-evident, since movements (England, Ireland, Russia, France, United States, etc.) are on foot on a fearful scale protesting against the power and usage of wealth.*40

 

 

30. Another sign is found in the [prophecy] conferences of believers in the nearness of the Second Advent and the reign of the Messiah and His saints, strikingly verifying Mal. 3: 16 as it stands related to the sparing, and the last period of the age. These have been held publicly in England, Canada, and this country [U.S.A.]; more private all over the world. Thus faith in God, the covenanted Messiah, the utterances of the [Holy] Spirit, is manifested to sustain the believer amid the prevailing unbelief and godlessness.*41

 

 

31. The prophetical student finds a feature pertaining to the present period exceedingly suggestive. As the time is approaching for the ending of the times of the Gentiles,” it is evident (in view of nearness) that, because of the predicted arraying of the nations against the Messiah, there should be a wide prevailing interest taken in Jesus of Nazareth as a Person. This is apparent by the large number of “Lives of Jesus” issuing within the last few years, both Rationalistic and Christian, in which He is prominently portrayed either from an infidel, liberal, or believing standpoint. It is a matter of grave importance to find that the former have been most extensively circulated - edition after edition being rapidly exhausted - thus moulding multitudes to regard Jesus simply as a man mistaken genius, or a liberal Reformer, or a dreamy enthusiast (made so by the prophecies of the nation), or a harmless fanatic, or even a downright deceiver. This becomes a suitable preparation of heart and mind for the drama that is to be enacted against Him and the Church.*42

 

 

32. The remarkable prominence given to the Scriptures is indicative of the same nearness. The cheap publication and extended circulation in almost every language of the globe, the numerous aids to its comprehension, the varied versions and translations, the revisions and their discussions, the works in defence of, or against them, etc., has had a tendency to bring the Word of God before the people with such startling conspicuousness, that God justifies Himself in first warning before bringing upon the nations the terrible threatened [punishments and] judgments. The nearer we are to the end, the more prominent should be this interest in the Scriptures.*43

 

 

33. A growing sign is the exceeding bitterness of unbelief. If nearing the persecution still future, the spirit of intense hostility, manifesting itself in threats - the mutterings of the incoming storm - should also appear. We have already in another connection, exhibited by quotations and extracts this desire to crush Christianity by persecution. The hatred, intense and unrelenting, is already fully exhibited, and, when the time for organized action comes, will find its victims ready for its vengeance.*44

 

 

34. The turning away from the true Messiah, Jesus the Christ, and invoking another Coming Messiah, is a sign of the times. If the coming of Antichrist, the culminated head is near, we should find men already expressing their faith and hope in the Advent of some false Messiah. In the schemes of self-regeneration and progress, we are called to “the Coming Man” (of whom Coleridge, Mill, Kant, Compte, and others, are designated “forerunners” and “harbingers”) who shall “renovate society” and bring a redemption of the world.” In the eulogy of [Page 131] unbelief, in contrast with the Christian Messiah, some kind of a future Messiah is spoken of, and urged to “a cordial reception.” *45

 

 

35. A continuous sign is the raising up of false Messiahs; not merely the proclamation of a Coming one, as in the preceding sign, but the actual claim by persons that they are such, calling for adherents. They have been in the past, and they exist at the present time. *46

 

 

36. The moral and religious condition of our great cities is a significant sign of the end. In view of their position, influence, privileges, etc., they ought - if the notion of progress is correct - to be great centers of religion, morality, virtue, justice and piety. The special advantages that they have possessed, the highest talent and ability, the leading ministers, the religious organizations and churches, the missionary operations, the publications of a Christian character, etc., all should tend to make them better, devoted to God, more free from vice and crime. But what are the facts as reported by various classes of writers? We have already shown that they are noted for wickedness of all kinds, for irreligion and impiety, for all the evils that curse depraved humanity. *41

 

 

37. The great stress laid on secular education, as a means of improvement and progress; its extensive usage under State patronage to elevate the ignorant, insure refinements; and secure the welfare of its recipients; its eulogy as a grand instrumentality to stem vice, immorality, and crime - is a sign of the last times in the actual fruitage that it produces. Accomplishing good, especially in giving the advantages of education and intelligence to the poor, yet it must be sorrowfully acknowledged that it is becoming more and more separated from the religious and moral teaching, and that it is falling into the hands of thousands who infuse their own spirit of unbelief into their pupils. Education is not morality or religion, for, as the history of the past and the present abundantly evidences, intelligence can exist with lawless principles, impurity of heart, and atrocious crimes. Thousands of educators are relgious, or moral, or sincere in advancing the interests of pupils, but thousands, on the other hand, are irreligious, or immoral, or bitter in covert and open hostility to the Bible and Christianity. *48

 

 

38. The signs are varied, and some are not as distinctive as others, and yet they are worthy of mention. (1) If we are allowed to take, as many do, the mixing of the clay and iron of Dan. 2: 43, as symbolic of the union of constitutional governments with a popular element, more or less pervading, or a commingling of Aristocratic and Republican forms, this is astonishingly manifesting itself among the nations. (or, if it be applied to the intermingling of nations by marriage, amalgamation, etc., this has received and still receives a striking fulfilment.) (2) The extraordinary answers to prayer and faith. In nearing the end, judging from analogy, it is reasonable to suppose that God would specially exhibit His favour to His people of strong faith. This is done in a remarkable manner, as if to rebuke the existing unbelief, as e.g. exemplified in Muller and others. (3) The treatment of prophecy by unbelief in and without the Church. Its neglect, scornful allusions, contempt, etc., evidence that we are nearing the end.*49 (4) The renewed attention paid by scholars and theologians to an  intimate and abiding relationship existing between the Old and New Testaments, and the numerous works recently published urging this upon our attention. For as the time of the end draws nigh, it is reasonable to expect that - in view of speedy fulfilments - [Page 132] special prominency be given to it. (5) A clear and distinctive idea of the original and the true conception of the Messianic Kingdom is becoming more and more prevalent. Books, tracts, etc., are issued which revive and restore to its prophetic position and nature the glorious Kingdom of God. Such writings, as e.g. Dr. Craven’s Excursus on the Basilea (Lange’s Com. Rev. p. 93), are becoming witnesses, which we ought to anticipate as the Kingdom itself again draws nigh. (6) Pre-Millenarians are beginning to realize, as they have never before (unless we except the quite early Church) that the foundations of their faith rest on two everlasting covenants, the Abrahamic and Davidic. This, as the day is rapidly approaching, we ought to expect. (7) The very large number of works [and tracts] which have been recently published on the Theology of the New Testament, giving, without bias, the actual views held in the Apostolic age (and which we freely use and quote), are not an insignificant sign, recalling the Church, if she heed the call, to the Primitive belief, before, the catastrophe comes. (8) The astonishing number of works particularly directed to the history of the Roman Empire (the fourth Beast of Daniel), and tracing its varied career and changes, as if purposely to direct attention to its connection with the end. (9) The Lord’s table which is a sign (1 Cor. 11: 26) has not only been a continuous one, urging to the posture of constant watching, but having been such for eighteen centuries, and now set forth all over the earth, indicates the nearness of the Lord. *50 (10) The great riches heaped together for the last days (James 5: 3) is regarded as a sign, no period exhibiting such numerous vast fortunes, such gigantic wealthy companies etc.

 

 

Such are the signs which precede the first stage of Christ’s [Second] Advent. Not one of them (just as there was none before the First Advent) shall be of a strictly Supernatural nature; all of them are connected with the natural, or are, regularly produced in an onward course of development. If men look for other signs, they will woefully deceive themselves; they must be in order to preserve the consistency of constant watching, etc., all of this very class.  They do not intervene anything between the present and the Advent; they were present in the days of the Primitive Church and led the faithful to watching; they were present, more extended, in the days of the Reformation, and caused the Reformers to hope in it speedy Coming of the day of Redemption; they are present to-day still more intensified, and should cause us, if wise and prudent, to occupy the same position. We know not the day or the hour, but the signs are here; men of intelligence and ability have failed in their approximative dates but this matters nothing (being what ought to be expected), for the signs are what we are particularly directed to observe, and they are present; men of eminence and piety predict a long delaying of the Lord, a long continued absence of the Bridegroom, and tell us that the cry raised that He speedily cometh is vain, but we take to our hearts of passionate love and desire the signs that are here; others ridicule our hope, hold it up as “Jewish error,” “fanaticism,” etc., but these reproaches fade away in the light of a Saviour’s command and present existing signs. Let a cautious writer instruct us: Dr. Kurtz (His. of the Cov., vol. 1, p. 101, taken from his Bible and Astrom.) says: “Reasoning from Scripture, it is scarcely possible to conceive that the end should be so delayed. If we think of the incarnation as taking place in the middle age of the world, if we consider the increasing distinctness in the signs of the times, and the approach of those signs [Page 133] and harbingers of the end, we cannot but feel that the termination of the present dispensation must be at hand. And, if we but reflect, that the first stage of the Advent precedes this termination by an interval of time unknown to us, it may therefore occur at any day for aught we know.*51 We have long felt whatever truth there is in the year-day fulfilment of the Apocalypse (and the Apoc. has been most remarkably constructed to induce watchfulness, and afford a kind of inchoate fulfilment - in fact to impress each century with the idea of a Coming, One), yet its main fulfilment, the leading features of portions of it at least, are to be realised during this interval between the two stages of the Advent (and with this view, there cannot be sufficient caution in the assignment of time, seeing that, the time specified in the Book itself is not connected with the whole but only parts of it). Even those writers who have advocated and confine themselves to a year-day fulfilment coincide in asserting the nearness of the Advent from their point of view, as e.g. two of the most recent, prominent able writers, Dr. Elliott, author of the Hor. Apoc., says: “Our present position, we have been led, as the result of our investigations, to fix at but a short time from the  end of the now existing dispensation, and the expected Second Advent of Christ,” etc., and D. N. Lord, former editor of the Theol. and Lit. Review, author of an Exp. of the Apoc., etc., gives it as his decided impression from long and close study: “Christ is within a brief period to come from heaven in person.” Such testimonies, from scholars and leading divines in the various Churches, could be multiplied, but are unnecessary, because every one can see for himself that there is not a sign but what is already fulfilled, not a token but what is even to-day abundantly verified, so that whenever it comes God’s Word is fully vindicated and His truthfulness made manifest. Scientists, unbelievers, and those weak in the faith demand a Supernatural sign, the exertion of direct miraculous power, but all in vain, because the very signs are intended to test faith. *52*

 

 

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[* Regrettably additional NOTES (*1- *52 on pages 133-159), are not included because of scanning difficulties.]

 

[Page 159]

OBSERVATION 4. Now we come to consider, in the briefest manner, the signs which follow the first stage of the Advent, and which being more particularly confined to a distinctive internal, and embracing far greater ones will be readily recognized by all the believing children of God. 1. The first sign indicative of the Coming open manifestation of the Son of Man will be the Translation of living saints [i.e., a selective rapture, of those judged as ‘accounted worthy’ to escape, (see Luke 21: 34-36; Rev. 3: 10).]  (Proposition 130) in connection with a secret resurrection of saints. This will be recognized by many as a sad (to them that must remain to endure tribulation), but still joyful (because verifying approaching deliverance) sign of a Saviour already present and observant of the interests of His own.*1 2. While this is recognised by those who accept of God’s Word, and leads to a correspondent recognition and assertion of the Advent, the denial of such an Advent will become the more emphatic and ardent over the world. “Where is the promise of His Coming,” will proceed from multitudes of scoffers to neutralise the effects of what has taken place. 3. Notwithstanding the opposition and bitterness of unbelief, we are assured in Rev. 14, that after the removal of the symbolic number 144,000, there will be resulting from the given signs, a specific preaching over the earth of two messages most appropriate for the times, viz. the proclamation to “fear God and give glory to Him, for the hour of His judgment is come,” and in view of the incoming worship of Antichrist, “and worship Him that made heaven,” etc. This will be a simultaneous, powerful preaching preparing the Church for the terrible Antichristian struggle before her, and with such success that “a multitude” shall pass through the great tribulation, willingly sacrificing life rather than yield up faith and hope in the Christ, Rev. 8: 9, 14 and 20: 4.*2 While this energetic work of the Church, now fully recognising her chronological position, and that the time is short, is going on, at the same period, increase of corruption in all the varied forms previously described will be experienced; the perilous times will become more perilous; the characters delineated will become more and more determined in their hostility to the good; human efforts at regeneration will be more boldly proclaimed and accepted at the side of a witnessing Gospel. The moral and religious signs, given under the previous Observation, will become more sharply defined and intensified. 5. Without giving the order of events, we notice next, the rise of the last great Antichrist and the formation of a confederation of nations under him, Proposition 160, 161, etc. 6. The fall of Babylon under his influence and power, which includes the Papacy and all State Churches, as well its all Hierarchical institutions; the hatred of the Antichrist even finally extending to all ecclesiastical organisations that professedly or otherwise favour Christ. We need not enter into the mooted question how much is comprehended under the term “Babylon,” and what is meant by her daughters,” because in the ruin of Babylon herself, that of “her daughters,” whoever they may be, as well as that of the overthrow ecclesiastically i.e. as outwardly organized) of the Churches will also be affected at the same time. While the Papacy will meet her doom, State, Churches, and all others will most cruelly suffer at the hands of the Antichristian Confederation. The former, however, preceding the latter in point of time. 7. For, after the downfall of Babylon, [Page 161] Rev. 14: 9-13, comes the fearful persecution of all true believers and their heroic martyrdom, Proposition 161 and 162. The demand made for worship will be a sign so striking and particularized in fulfilment, that it will be unmistakable to the believing. The requirement to worship the beast and his image, will be withstood by faithful souls whom God will also honour for a triumphant exhibition of faith. The wise then will understand and wisdom will preserve them indomitable. 8. An astonishing sign will be a return to idol worship. Even now the Pantheistic, Naturalistic current is sweeping in this direction, and no doubt to meet the fulfilment, the plea will be made, that that worship will be aided in the masses by and through material objects, and that in such an outward expression the adherents of the new faith will be known. Men may now sneer at this as ridiculous, but even hatred to Christ is sufficient, when the time comes, to introduce it as a test and the most certain method by which make the weak succumb and place themselves in a positive unchristian attitude. The alarming re-introduction of heathen doctrine and leaning upon Naturalism, even already makes thoughtful men see the entering wedge by which this can be effected in the laying down and advocacy of principles that naturally develop the idea.*3 One thing is certain, let men acknowledge it or not, that it is predicted (as e.g. Rev. 13: 4, 14-17 and 9: 20, 21, etc.) to take place before the last stage of the Advent. The degradation of humanity, after all its boasted enlightenment, after all its vaunted efforts at regeneration, shall be manifested (as in the French Revolution) in a pitiful return to heathenism somewhat refined under modern Pantheistic manipulations. Forsaking the God of the Bible for Nature, it partakes the nature of a just retribution. 9. A sign  which the student ponders with a feeling of awe, because of the influence for destruction that it will exert over multitudes, weak and credulous  enough to be entrapped by it, is the performance of miracles, the existence of miraculous powers as stated, e.g. Rev. 13: 13, 14, and 16: 14, and 19: 20. 2 Thess. 2: 9, etc. It appears a just punishment that unbelief now so bitterly opposed to Revelation because of its connection with the Supernatural and miraculous, should at the time of the end, to secure its supposed victory over Christianity, lay hold of and exhibit to the admiration of its hosts “signs and lying wonders.” What these miracles consist in, that period must determine; the outlines of some of them are sufficiently given to make them recognisable when they are proposed for acceptance. Even now the leaven may, for aught we know, be creeping in, if we are to credit one half that Spiritualism gives us now of wonders performed by their distinguished mediums, and which many distinguished men profess themselves unable to explain. Let the present indications in this direction be what they may, it is revealed, that when the set time has come, the nations of the earth will be woefully deceived by pretended miraculous power, given evidently as proof (now declared by many to be impossible) of the correctness of their faith. It is a wonderful ordering, that the line of final punishment comes in that of long continued previous denial.*4 10. The restoration of a portion of the Jews to Palestine, whom Antichrist will attack and overwhelm, is a significant sign. The condition of the Jews and of Jerusalem at that time - which implies also the previous loss or grant of Palestine by Turkey - will be carefully noted by the believing that may be spared. 11. The wars of the Antichristian power, its success, its march to the Holy Land, etc., will all find their mates in prophecy and be thus signs, one following the other, [Page 162] of the rapidly approaching catastrophe. 12. But even before this, the unsettled condition of nations, their perplexity, distress, etc., preparatory o their confederated capacity must be witnessed, and all those commotions, revolutionary movements, the preliminary overthrowing of thrones, etc., will meet with corresponding awakened interest in the mind of the prophetic student. 13. Before, probably but it very short time before, the open Revelation of Jesus with His saints in behalf of the Jewish nation (Zech. 14) Elijah the Prophet will be sent to the Jews as predicted (Mal. 4: 5, 6), being unto them a forerunner as John the Baptist at the First Advent - comp. Prop. on Antichrist. The early Church (as e.g. Justin in Dialogue with Trypho.) and many teachers have correctly held to this coming of Elijah before the Second Advent, but more definitely it pertains to this stage of it, and is designed only for the Jewish nation.*5 14. For the reasons already given, nature may be expected now to greatly increase her signs. ln comparison of Scripture, the student will become impressed with the idea of Oosterzee (Theol. of N. Test.) that the Second Advent will be ushered in with impressive signs, accompanied with stupendous changes in the cosmical and moral spheres. Whatever of figure may be connected with the description of these last times, yet the past belief that nature itself will sympathize in the last great struggle by the giving forth of terrific tokens in violent earthquakes, etc., is one that commends itself as eminently suitable for those who have again returned to natures worshippers. That which they esteem their god, shall be employed against them; so that event after event, in the leavens above and in the earth beneath, shall occur which unbelieving science, with all its inflation be unable to recognize and explain as the result of natural law. The curse will press the more heavily; groaning creation nearing deliverance will, as tokens, enter upon her last throes, as if acknowledging the secret presence of her King and Liberator.*6 15. Then, too, will appear the sign of the Son of Man following, and perhaps in some way connected with the translation, etc., either tit its occurrence or afterward at Sinai. If it takes place shortly before the open Revelation and not in the way suggested (Proposition 130), as related to the removal of the saints, or to their appearance in clouds, etc., afterward, then it may, probably, refer to some such sign as Amos 8: 9 , or Joel 3: 15; or 2: 31, etc. Whatever it is, for at present we can only conjecture it will be found so significantly predicted in the Word that there will be no difficulty in recognising it in fulfilment as a sign of the Christ.*7 16. Other signs are found scattered here and there, which will then be duly considered by the faithful, such as the, formation of a confederacy, a great contest by Antichrist and his hosts with some other power preliminary to the final one with Christ and His army; the union of the false prophet with the Antichrist (for whatever inchoate fulfilment there may be found in the Papacy according to prophetical writers, it must be borne in mind that this prophet endures to the bitter end, is in the last, battle, while the Papacy has been previously destroyed, Rev. 17: 16); the incoming of certain plagues and woes, of developments and contests, the three unclean spirits, etc., all couched in figurative or symbolical language and pertaining to that period still future, so that it would be mere conjecture to attempt an elucidation of the same in the way of particularising who or what is really designated. It is for the developments of that time of the end to bring these forth distinctively, when the they shall be duly appreciated and mated by the observant, watching ones.*8

 

 

*1 We cannot possibly receive the notion entertained by a small party of Separatists, under the leadership of Barbour and Russell, viz., that Jesus is already present, The mystical conception that leads to this, we meet elsewhere. For the present we only say that a non-resurrection and non-translation of the saints is sufficient proof to show that the Second Advent has not yet taken place, for these are inevitably and at once associated with the first stage of the Advent. Their claim of this particular presence being “spiritually discerned” is precisely equivalent to that of the Shakers, who also claim such a “spiritual discernment” of the Second Advent transpired, and even of an existing Millennium already begun.

 

 

*2 Consequently we cannot possibly receive the notion entertained by some (as e.g. partially by Lincoln’s Lects. on Rev., and totally by Swormstedt The End of the World Near. etc., etc.) that the resurrection and translation, there is no more proclamation of the truth, no more saved, the Holy Ghost being withdrawn, etc., for this is a perversion of the order of Rev. 14, a non-recognition of the first and second stages of the same Advent, and an ignoring of the interval and the events connected therewith. Having referred to this in another place, we only now add: of course those who so arrogantly and selfishly apply to themselves the noble portraiture of the 144,000, and the angel messages, as is done by the Seventh-Day Adventists (under the enlightened guidance of a professed prophetess, Mrs. White) it is not surprising (as was done by one of their evangelists, Mr. Stone, at Springfield, on July, 1878) that they should say - to sustain their unjustifiable self-application of noble and elevated prediction - that it is “senseless” to look for the Second Advent of Jesus to precede these angel messages. On the other hand, when Rev. Randolph (Danville Tribune, March 12th, 1880) says: “The time is coming, and is not far distant, when the believing Church will take, openly, the ground of Irenaeus the Great, the glory of his time, and write Post-Millenarianism as a heresy against the truth of God” - we believe this, but that it will only take place during this interval, and after the resurrection and translation of a chosen body at the first stage, thief-like coming. When the Church sees how it has been blinded and deluded by false hopes so eloquently expressed; when she recognises her position in the order of events and what is before her, then this doctrine so derided, and branded in many quarters as heretical, will be the very doctrine to raise the believer from despair; remove despondency and darkness; impress the divine promises and covenants; infuse renewed faith, hope, and courage; restore “the blessed hope,” to its exalted strength-imparting position; and nerve small and great, learned and ignorant, old and young to resist anti-christian efforts and persecution even unto death.

 

 

*3 We say nothing respecting the failures of a class of Spiritualists to form a human image with a vocal apparatus to be manipulated by the spirits - to serve as a sort of universal medium and direction - for a more dangerous manifestation is in the excessive laudation and glorification of nature, so prevalent in numerous books. We give, a single illustration to show our meaning: when (Mod. Doubt, by Christlieb, p. 32) men once say:Brahma, Buddha, Jupiter, and Jehovah must now yield to worthier successors in reason and philanthropy” (so Wichen), or, “what we want is a new Church. I am for a free stage. The theatre is my temple, where I would see inaugurated a new form of worship. The theatre should be regarded as a house of God, as it was among the ancient Greeks. Religion and the drama I would fain see identified” (so Eckardt) - then there is but a short step to a return to an idol-worship patterned after the ancient Magi. Greeks, Romans. The worship of the “Imperial Sun” as an “all-powerful and Omnipresent Creator” is more than hinted at in that degraded and rotten work The Masculine Cross. In another place (Proposition 161) we introduce some who boldly advocate idol-worship.

 

 

*4 The student will observe how significantly the signs in this direction are fulfilling. While unbelief shall continue to exist, and the Supernatural of the Bible is dismissed as unallowable - expressly to break down its moral requirements, its humiliation of man, etc. - yet it is predicted that men shall, with such unbelief of Revelation, entertain a faith in the extraordinary and miraculous in their own concocted religio-infidel faith. Already thousands of intelligent but unbelieving men are forsaking the ground of Strauss (Life of Christ, Intro.): “We may summarily reject all miracles, prophecies. Narratives of angels and demons, and the like, as simply impossible and irreconcilable with the known and universal laws which govern the course of events,” as untenable. True, indeed in their case, so far as the Bible is concerned, but not correct as to the incoming “regeneration” or “reformation” of mankind which is to introduce an acquaintance with “higher and nobler mysteries” than were ever before divulged to man. The movement is singular and striking, and worthy of close and thoughtful attention. Such a [Page 164] union of unbelief with the manifestation of the lowest credulity - of contempt for Holy Writ with the unhesitating acceptance of human teaching - of denial of Christianity with the formation of some kind of religious faith to satisfy the cravings of man’s nature - is certainly most remarkable.

 

 

On the other hand, we, object, as misleading and unscholarly, the application that Waggoner and Stone (Seventh Day Adventists), and others, make of 2 Thess. 2: 9, as if the “Coming” of Jesus took place literally “after” this wonder-working, because it says in our version “after the working of Satan.” That is, they take the. wordafter” to mean time, when it denotes only likeness or resemblance, and this they press so as to favour their theory of the Papacy, etc. Now it is true that Jesus comes openly after this extraordinary manifestation of wickedness, but He comes thief-like before it. This takes place during the interval. We allow Barnes (Com. loci) to give a correct statement as to the meaning of the passage: “The word rendered after, it need not be said to one who looks at the Greek, does not refer to time,  but is a preposition, meaning according to; in conformity with, meaning that the manner of His appearing would be accompanied by such works as should show the agency of Satan employed, and such as he only could produce. It does not mean that the Coming of the Lord Jesus would be after Satan had worked in this manner, but that the manifestation of that wicked one would be with such demonstrations of power and wonder as Satan only could effect.”

 

 

*5 The prophetical student will ever keep in mind that Elijah’s mission is one, not to the Gentiles, but expressly to the Jewish nation, and that down to the scene delineated in the first part of Zech. 14, he certainly has not put in his mission. His coming is after the first stage of the Advent of Jesus, and after this last tribulation of the Jews under Antichrist, for previous to this there is no conversion of the nation. We doubt not that in the darkest hour of gloom, when feeling the persecuting power of the Antichrist, and when all hope seems to have perished, Elijah, according to promise, will come, and will prepare the remnant to accept so heartily the Lord Jesus.

 

 

*6 The darkening of the sun, the moon not giving her light, the stars falling, the powers of the heaven shaken, is immediately after the Jewish tribulation, Matt. 24: 29; Mark 13: 24, 25 (hence the folly of making, “the dark day” and “the falling of the stars” of the past these, as some do to make out a favourite date, etc.,), and cannot (whatever symbolical meaning, as some hold, is connected with it) wholly be figurative, but refer to natural darkness, etc., as evidenced e.g. by the parallel passage of Joel 2: 30, 31, indicative (as God Himself will show wonders ) of what took place in Egypt (Ex. 10: 21-23), or in Palestine (Matt. 27: 45). Such signs shall only be, produced on a grander scale. D. N. Lord (Theol. and Lit. Journal, Oct, 1860, p.223) takes the position (the more noticeable, since he is so strict in the application of symbolical language) that as Luke 21: 25, 26, makes these things “signs in the sun, and in the moon, and in the stars,” such things (as the darkening of the sun, etc., mentioned by Matt. and Mark) are to be understood literly as “processes of which those orbs are, to be the subjects, and that are to be visible to men.” With this view, as we have shown, men of the highest ability coincide. We incorporate this idea, for the reasons, already assigned, with its figurative import, for as men are urged on to their final rebellious attitude by a firmly expressed trust in the unalterable condition of nature, and openly avowed faith in “the unalterable laws ordaining ever-enduring continuance,” a reverence for (while ignoring the Creator and His claims) the forces of “the Universum,” it is but just and reasonable that God - so despised and dishonoured - should give such natural signs, to bring their trust, faith, and reverence to a test, which will result as the sure Word testifies, in inspiring “men’s hearts failing them for fear, and for looking after these things which are coming on the earth.” They are the precursors of terror and vengeance; they will be recognised with abject fear of coming, evil and despair; they will be regarded by others with the hope of is speedy and glorious deliverance.

 

 

*7 Some make this sign of the Son of Man to be a cross in heaven; others, the star of the Messiah; others, the Messiah Himself; others, the sign mentioned in preceding context; some, the a luminous appearance; others, the appearance of a man; some, a Shekinah, or the glory of Christ; others, the cloud of light that bears Him; others, the last plagues; others, a sword shining forth, or falling, from heaven; some, the translation of the saints; others, the resurrection body of Jesus. We cannot now determine; the day will come when the believers; will recognize and exult in it.

 

 

*8 Men may turn away from the prophetic picture thus drawn, declaring it impossible from human nature, to manifest such depravity, especially in the way of persecuting the Church. But the spirit is in man, and even now begins its threatenings, as is evidenced by the bold language of ten thousand utterances. Having given (Propositions 161-163) some [Page 165] illustrations, a few more suffice. In the Luth. Observer, Sep, 15th, 1870, it is stated that “a correspondent of the Boston Investigator proposes the enactment of a law, which he calls ‘An Act to Protect the People from Religious Imposition.’ It makes it a penal offence to conduct public worship, or to preach the Gospel for a compensation, on the ground that those who do go are obtaining money under false pretences.” Literally multitudes would delight - as their public affirmations show - in such enactments. Take Andrew Jackson Davis, the great leader of the Spiritualists, and such is his language (comp. Review of Bushnell, p. 3, 187, etc.): “You may be assured of the truth of this approaching crisis. The world must recognize it, because it will be accompanied with war; for politics are inseparably connected, all over the world, with religions systems. Religion will develop reason; but politics will impel the masses to unsheath the sword, and to stain the bosom of nature with blood! Friends of Progress! be not discouraged: for the final crisis must come; then the strange interregnum.” He predicts political and moral revolutions that shall overthrow both Protestantism and Catholicism, and then under the auspices of reason, Spiritualism, etc., “the children of earth will then be. comparatively free and happy! for the Millennial epoch will have arrived!Alas the vanity of human predictions, and “the snare” and “the pit” they form for multitudes!

 

 

OBSERVATION 5. Here then the main, leading signs which precede the Coming [Messianic and Millennial] Kingdom of God; those that pertain to the fist stage of the Advent and its preliminary ordering at Mt. Sinai, and then those that relate to the open manifestation of the King at Jerusalem and the re-establishment of the Davidic throne an Kingdom, embracing also the conversion and restoration of the Jewish nation. These are the warnings that the [Holy] Spirit has given, but however earnestly and faithfully presented by any one, they are unheeded by the [Church] multitude, like the warning of Lot or the preaching of Noah, and to many the believer in them (Gen. 19: 14) “seems as one that mocked.” Excuses abundantly suggest themselves why they should not be regarded, but childlike Abrahamic faith sees in them the strongest possible motives for increased, constant watchfulness. When not only the signs preliminary to the Coming of the saints are here, but when even these throw their shadows forward into the fearful interval between the first and second stages, then indeed is it inexcusable to be faithless. When e.g. rejecters of the Divine Plan of Redemption, under the teaching of professed spirits of the dead, give us another sustained by “signs and wonders”; when this is a spirit largely at work in various bodies (i.e. wonder-working power, revived again; also e.g. in Roman Catholicism, Mormonism, etc.); and when this is associated with a prevailing Naturalistic tendency, we can readily see the elements already existing and moulding men’s minds and hearts for the wonder-working period still future. When a time of abounding demon worship, of idolatry, and of corresponding [Church apostasy and] corruption, is surely coming, and if we are indeed nearing it, then the things specified are precisely those which ought to appear. They are present; growing too by the fostering care of many able minds into a fruitage, such as the Omniscient Spirit has portrayed. It is simply folly to close our eyes to existing facts, and the denial of them does not lessen the danger, but may greatly mislead ourselves and others. The sign that the signs themselves will be neglected is a sad one, and will not be overlooked by the wise. Calvin’s remark on Luke 18: 8 ever remains true: “Christ expressly foretells that, from His ascension to Heaven till His return, unbelievers will abound; meaning by these words that if the Redeemer does not speedily appear, the blame of the delay will attach to men, because there will be almost none to look for Him. Would that we did not behold so manifest a fulfilment of the prediction!” A positive denial of His Coming [to reign on David’s throne (Luke 1: 32)] is pronounced (2 Pet. 3: 17) to be the [Page 166] error of the wicked;” while a refusal to watch for His Coming or the declaration that my Lord delayeth His Coming,” to say the least, is a violation of enjoined duty. Esteemed men of ability and usefulness, are certainly assuming grave responsibility in this matter, when in books, etc., they teach that Christ’s Advent is not to be watched for as He commanded, but that it is still postponed for many, many long centuries, and that, instead of incoming wrath and tribulation, the Church is to anticipate triumph and continued progress. The signs given for faith do not startle them; the position assigned for watching does not move them (for they conveniently substitute death or Providence, etc.); the announcement of a sudden, unexpected Coming upon a faithless Church does not affect them; what then will arouse them? The event itself secretly occurring, and making itself known and felt by the removal here and there of a small minority of watching ones! That, that will so startle, move, and deeply affect them that they will proclaim, with mighty energy, the long neglected signs connected with a Second Advent. Brethren must not censure us for plain writing; with such views, impressed by a sense of duty and responsibility, it would be a violation of them not thus to express them. A deep interest in the welfare of others, and a sincere desire to promote the happiness ness of our brethren, influences us to write these things. Allow that we are mistaken; yet a consideration of honesty upon our part in giving what we hold to be truth, will prevent the honest from [those presently being deceived from] getting angry at our words. We gratefully acknowledge their intelligence, piety, and usefulness, and it only grieves us the more that so much that is excellent should be weighted against some of the plainest truths in the Bible. A surprising feature connected with these signs, and precisely that which ought to exist provided the injunction of constant watching is to be observed, is, that, they all previous to the first stage, are of a nature observable from the early Church down to the present day. It is, therefore, doing, injustice to believers in the past to say, that they were credulous and foolish to look for the Advent, seeing that they were mistaken, etc; on the contrary, it evinces their faith in God’s Word and their conscientiousness in occupying the commanded position when beholding the signs existing around them they believed, thus showing love and desire for the blessed hope, etc. Let them indeed be mistaken in their apprehension of its nearness, yet the observance of such faith, the practical results attained by it, the honouring of Christ evinced by it, the hope and prayer elicited by it, etc., will not - as little as the cup of water - fail in its reward at the Revelation of Jesus. The shortness of time in the [Holy] Spirit’s comprehension, is indeed brief; these preparatory dispensations, when compared with the eternal ages that follow, are but of short duration; and since these utterances were given, and these worthies thus believed, the length of this dispensation has been so materially shortened that prudence alone dictates, aside from other considerations pressed, the faith, hopes and longings inspired by these signs - thus constantly augmenting, accumulating, and becoming more and more distinctive - as ever presented by godly men who “love the appearing.” Better, a thousand times better, be mistaken as to time, than to ignore those signs and be caught faithless, unobservant, and worthy of rebuke.

 

 

While Millenarianism is something very different from Millerism, it has often occurred to the writer that it would even be far preferable to occupy Miller’s position, mistaken as it was in reference to time, to the Millennial age, etc., than to be indifferent as [Page 167] multitudes of professing Christians are, both to the signs and the Advent. Mr. Miller at least honoured Christ’s Word, and however mistaken in particulars (which his followers, we are told pressed beyond his more prudent opinions) yet the principle involved of watching for Christ’s Advent is a just one, eminently scriptural, and will redound, if not now, in ‘the age to come[see Heb. 6: 5, R.V.)], to his honour. The same is true of others; for while unable to accept of their particularising, or of their prophetical schemes in the order laid down by them, yet the evident love and desire for “the appearing” which prompted their labours, the urgency of entreaty and warning to occupy the biblical position of watching servants, has so commended them to us, with all their faults, that we must highly esteem them as brethren beloved. If there is any force in the scriptural cautious and injunctions upon this point, we must believe, provided true Christian character is maintained therewith, such will stand immensely higher and nearer to the King than many, now - [who are Anti-millennialist deceivers and false prophetical] - leaders in the Church, who take a pleasure to show off their wit and sarcasm at others’ expense. The reviling, scorning, deriding, sneering, etc., will in either case meet with its due reward. God is the Judge, and not man; whoever honoured His Word - feebly, brokenly it may be - will be honoured by Him.*

 

[* See Ezek. Chs. 3 & 33 “… for I the LORD change not!” (Micah 3: 6; cf. Col. 3: 25 with Rev. 2: 22, 23. R.V.).]

 

 

OBSERVATION 6. It is to us, whatever it may prove to others, cheering evidence of the inspiration of the Word that it is so formed, that, instead of giving positive certainty as to time, it points us to signs which are calculated, eminently so by reason of a continuous fulfilment, to impress and lead us, if only considered, to watch. This indefinite and yet sign impressing immanency is to us derided proof the Divine wisdom; man could not - as man’s failures and man’s precipitancy evidence - have so presented the matter as to cause every succeeding age to respond more or loss to the particularly intended result, viz. to preserve, in view of a constantly recurring contingency indicated by constantly recurring witnessed signs, a constant state of vigilance. In conclusion: let the frequency with which the [Holy] Spirit presents the Second Advent, and the signs preceding and connected with it, be regarded; let the mighty issues related with the same bearing heavily upon the individual believer (in cautions respecting personal responsibility in watching), the Church (multitudes in it being taken unprepared and unobservant of Divine direction) and the world (scoffing at the whole subject) be contemplated; let the happiness and reward of the watching [and obedient] servant, and the rebuke and loss of the [disobedient and] unvigilant be pondered; and surely we are not wrong in thus urging all to occupy this believing position. If the Word makes it so prominent and important; if so much that is desirable is identified with it; if the neglect of it is both an act of disobedience and dangerous; if a completeness of Christian attitude and character requires it; surely we cannot make it less prominent and desirable. Here then is our apology, if in the estimation of any one an excuse is needed, for holding forth upon these scriptural topics, and urging tile warnings given ,id the apostles.

 

 

Again we urge professors of religion, believers in the Bible, to consider that, if their affections are really fixed on Christ - if He is all in all - this subject instead of being unwelcome ought, in virtue of their profession and love, to be intensely interesting and desirable. This looking for the Advent, expressive of faith, hope, love, and obedience, is described as the crowning excellence of God’s gifts in 1 Cor. 1: 7so that ye come behind in no gift, waiting for the Coming of our Lord Jesus Christ (thus confirming “the testimony of JesusRev. 1: 3). On this passage Olshausen appropriately remarks: “The expectation of Christ’s Coming is a testimony of inward spiritual life, and one of the fruits of faith; for this ‘waiting’ (Rom. 8: 9) is not a dry historical assertion of the fact that the Lord will return again one day, but the expression of an earnest desire for it, which is not to be conceived without love, faith, and hope, 1 Cor. 13: 13.” Barnes loci, says: “An earnest wish to see Him, and a confident expectation and firm belief that He will return, is an evidence of a high state of piety. It demands strong faith, and it will do much to elevate the feelings above the world, and to keep the mind in a state of peace.” [Page 168] (Comp. Proposition 182 and 183). Dr. Seiss (the Apoc., p. 35) alluding to the “peculiar efficiency and power and power in the doctrine of Christ’s speedy return,” adds:It is the most animating and most sanctifying subject in the Bible. It is the soul’s serenest light amid the the darkness and trials of earth,” etc.

 

 

OBSERVATION 7. We therefore, regard that, for the reasons already fully assigned, we should occupy the commanded posture of expectancy, and allow no event to intervene between us and the Advent. As Calvin declares in 1 Pet. 4: 7: “Moreover, it must be laid down as a first principle, that ever since the appearing of Christ, there is nothing left to the faithful, but with wakeful minds to be always intent on His Second Advent.” The signs are [almost] all [visibly] present - not one is [will be] omitted - and it becomes us, as believers, to recognize the fact, and correspondingly, look, watch, and pray.

 

 

We, therefore, regard it as both unscriptural and misleading to intervene a number of events between between the present and the Advent. Able writers, a large number, are engaged in this work, especially insisting upon a restoration of the Jews, etc., as preliminary, overlooking how the interval embraces much that they locate before the the-thief-like Coming. Some works have chapters entitled “Events that must precede the Second Advent,” and periodicals have articles on the same, and yet urge to a constant watching for the Advent as immediate when they give a series of events which, at least, will require quite a number of years to bring about. There is some inconsistency in this, for it way well be queried how it is possible for a man to regard the Advent as possible any day when he has events to occur previously, and which he informs us “must” first take place, Our opponents (as Waldegrave in New Test. Millenarianism, Lect. 6) positively assert that the Advent cannot be imminent, because certain events (such as e.g. its the preaching of the Gospel as a witness, a partial restoration of the Jewish nation, and the antichristian hosts meeting at Armageddon) must first be witnessed. So Wild (The Lost Ten Tribes, p. 57) hampered by his peculiar wild theory, and looking for events based upon it, to precede the Second Advent say: “It is, therefore, unwise on the part of any person to claim that Christ may come any day, and that his Millennial reign may be begun at any moment.” The signs that he enumerates are precisely those which are to be realized during the interval and the Millennial age. (It is only necessary to say that Wild reproduces in England, the outrageous theories of some Americans (Berg and others), make the ‘Stone’ of Dan. 2 to be the United States, while Wild make it to be England (!) the two feet of the image being France and Spain (!) upon which feet England fell and pounded them (!), and will smite the whole image whose head now is Russia (!), after which England will remove her royal residence and throne to Jerusalem (!). It is a matter of amazement that such writers have a following.). Dr. Brown (Christ’s Second Coming p. 50) intervenes certain events, and then objects to “the impossibility of watching for Christ’s Coming on the common view of it, or rather on any view of it, which does not admit of our expecting it at almost any moment,” and thinks that he watches for the Second Advent when he discards all chronology, interposes a long series of events, and makes even the, Millennial age to intervene, and simply allows faith kind hope to hold it as near. But how this juxtaposition is brought about, he does not inform us, and shelters himself by quoting men who did not hold his (the, Whitbyan) view, but the Augustinian theory. Alas! many such writers could be quoted. On the other hand, it is gratifying, to find so many who, discerning the indefiniteness as to time, or the stages and interval, occupy the scriptural position, and urge it Dr. Kellogg, in a paper presented to the Convention in Dr. Tyng’s church, in New York, quotes Archbishop Trench (On the Parables) as saying: “It is a necessary element of the doctrine concerning the Second Coming of Christ, that it should be possible at any time, that no generation of believers should regard it as impossible in theirs,” and then, after urging the scriptural attitude of constant watching, the Dr. adds: “Inasmuch, therefore, as no candid person will deny that the Lord does command His disciples in all ages to watch for His Coming, it follows irresistibly that the Lord intended that we should think of His Advent as always possible, and forbids us to interpose any such fixed period of time between us and His Coming, as shall make it impossible for us to believe that He may come in our day.” Dr. Brookes (the Truth, vol. 4, p. 117) quotes Trench as above and then adds these two Augustine saying: “The last day is unknown, that every day, may be observed,” and the Westminster Confession: “So will He have that day unknown [Page 169] to men that they may shake off all carnal security, and be always watchful, because they know not at what hour the Lord will come; and may be ever prepared to say, ‘Come, Lord Jesus, come quickly, Amen’.” (Compare Brookes’s Maranatha.) So Dr. Wood (Last Things), in answer to the question whether any events are to intervene previous to the Lord’s Coming remarks: “It is enough to say that while it seems to inc that there may be some things     to be done before Antichrist shall be destroyed, and, therefore, before the Millennium shall actually commence, I have not been able to discover that there is one event of which we can say with certainty that it must precede the appearing of the sign of the Son of Man in heaven, and the gathering of His saints to meet Him in the air. This is the result of long and patient inquiry on my part, and not merely the rash language of a moment of excitement. Most sincerely do I wish I could live more constantly under the influence of this conviction, and that all my brethren were partakers along with me of the ‘Strong Consolation’ it affords. (Comp. the decisive language of Dr. Seiss, Proph. Times, New Ser. 1875, vol. 1, p. 53-5, and on Last Times and Apoc.; Spurgeon’s declaration that the Advent may occur at any time, Proph. Times, vol. 4. p. 74, etc.). It is sufficient to point out that the State Prophetical Convention at New York, took this decides position, when it adopted the following resolution: “This Second Coming of the Lord Jesus is everywhere in the Scriptures represented as imminent, and may occur at any moment; yet the precise day and hour thereof is unknown to man and known only to God.” We hold to Cunningham’s position (Visions, p. 100): “If we, who have watched every sign in the spiritual horizon for a long series of years, we now asked, ‘Is any sign of His Coming, yet accomplished?’ we should be constrained to answer. ‘To our view, not one sign remains unaccomplished.’ If we were further asked, ‘shall He come this year?’ our answer would be, ‘We know not; but this much we know and believe, that He is at hand, even at the door.’” Numerous such testimonies might be given and, for the truth’s sake, we are glad that they are presented.

 

 

OBSERVATION 8. The Commanded position of constant watching given by Jesus and the apostles, throws light on the reason why we have the extraordinary omission of a directory or form of Church government. Such an avoidance is intentional, because it alone accords with the spirit of looking for the Saviour’s speedy return, and the proof is found in the historical fact (Propositions 76 and 77) that just so soon as men devised codes and forms of government - aside from the few simple directions given for guidance - then, in view of the idea of permanency entailed, the looking and watching for the Advent was relaxed, and finally almost ignored.

 

 

Our position in reference to the signs vindicates the attitude of the Primitive Church. Now men sneeringly point to the early Church, and scoffingly tell us that that Church, under the teaching of the inspired apostles and their immediate successors, was utterly mistaken and too credulous, evincing an erroneous belief. But we hold, that simple consistency demanded the faith expressed by them, because the Advent (as we have shown) is not limited by any chronological period; the signs predicted to precede such an Advent were witnessed even in their day, and the culminated Antichrist is only revealed between the two stages of the Second Advent. Hence their attitude was scriptural and demanded by the times. Even the sign which is supposed to have been the least visible, viz., the extension of the Gospel, was sufficiently manifested to excite the spirit of watching. Thus e.g. let any one ponder the statements of Col. 1: 6, 23; Rom. 10: 18; Acts 2: 9-11, and 1 Pet. 1: 1, and they meet the conditions of witnessing. The same language was continued by Justin Martyr: “There is no people, whether Greek or Barbarian, among whom prayers and thanksgiving are not offered to the Father and Creator of the world in the name of Christ crucified;” so Irenaeus speaks of the Church extending to the ends of the earth, even to Libya, Egypt, among the Celts, Iberians and Germans; so Tertullian: “Even all the boundaries of the Spaniards, and the different nations the Gauls, and those parts of Britain which were inaccessible to the Romans are become subject to Christ,” or “Everywhere, are to be found the disciples of the Crucified - among the Parthians and Medes, the Elamites and Mesopotamians, in America and Phrygia, Cappadocia and Pontus. Asia     Minor, Egypt and Cyrene, mingled with various tribes of the Getuli and Moors, in Gaul and Spain, and Britain and Germany;” so also Origen, referring to Ezekiel says; “When, before the Advent of Christ, did the land of Britain agree in the worship of one God? But now, [Page 170] on account of the churches which are spread to the uttermost bounds of the world, the whole earth invokes the God of Israel.” Thus individuals, in every part of the world, are represented as testifying; the Gospel was extensively circulated, so that even this sign was not lacking, but stood forth with great prominency and lustre. How can any one, therefore, censure them for their expressed faith and hope?

 

 

OBSERVATION 9. These signs, so saddening because of the evil unfolding, should not unduly depress the [Holy Spirit-taught] believer. They should rather confirm his faith, urge to increased watching and prayer, influence to a firm and vigilant occupying until He comes, and fill him with renewed hope and love at the speedy Coming of the Beloved One. Yea, as the Master declared (Luke 21: 28) we should look up and lift up our heads, for our redemption draweth nigh.” For these purposes they are given, and hence a practical application of them to heart and life is designed, and not a mere theoretical acquiescence without a corresponding influence.

 

 

Dr. Seiss (Last Times, p. 299), beautifully and forcibly says:God’s method of progress is to make darkness the way to light, death the prelude to life, despair the introduction to salvation, and corruption and confusion the road to order kind glory. It is not, in what seems hopeful, but in what seems gloomy and untoward, that we are to look for the signs of the speedy forthcoming of God’s wonder-working goodness. It is the stirring upon the face of the dark waters that gives prognostic of the breaking forth of light, life, and beauty. The bursting glories of spring come directly out of the bleak winter. It is from the corrupting seed that we obtain the harvest. The darkest hour is said to be that which immediately precedes the day. The period most hopeful is that when the apparent motives for despondency are most overwhelming. The stress of the controversy between hope and fear always falls upon the eve of triumph. Those dim hours of dismay to the scattered followers of Christ at His Crucifixion, were but the preludes to the bringing in of light and immortality for man. The bloody persecutions under the Roman Emperors which threatened the extinction of Christianity, were the immediate precursors of its victory over even the throne of the Caesars. And so the Scriptures teach that it will be in the ushering in of the great consummation. The sun must darken, and the moon withhold her light, and then shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in His wings.” So Brookes (Lects. during Lent, p. 152) remarks: “Though I distinguished only some few signs as in themselves cheering, yet when considered as the tokens of our Lord’s approach, all are cheering: therefore He bids us, as in the text, ‘when we shall see these things only begin to come to pass, to lift up our heads because our redemption draweth nigh.’ And if the beginnings of these things are calculated to inspire us with hope and joy, how much more their fulness! Yes those things which are dark and appalling to the world - like the pillar and the cloud - will be as light and brightness to the [watching, obedient, and waiting] saints; who, when all is roaring and raging and upheaving round about them, shall be ardently waiting for, but most surely expecting, and in the midst of it obtaining, deliverance from corruption, into the glorious - glorious liberty of the children of God.” We are sometimes censured as taking too gloomy a view of the world existing, and that we entertain “no love for the world.” Our apology is, that we receive, embrace, and defend the view that the Spirit gives of the present and future, and that it is true, that we strive to set “our affections on things above and not on things of the world,” well knowing that “if any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him,” 1 John 2: 15.

 

 

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To be continued D.V.