THE THEOCRATIC KINGDOM*

 

 

By

 

 

GEORGE N. H. PETERS

 

 

[* PROPOSITIONS 201, 202 and 203 from VOLUME THREE (pp. 544-556).]

 

 

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[Page 544]

 

PROPOSITION 201. If a Kingdom, such as is covenanted to the Son of

Man, David’s Son, is not set up, then Gods efforts at government

in and through an earthly rulership proves a failure.

 

 

God has had a visible King here on earth; owing to the sinfulness of the people the goal contemplated by its erection was not reached; instead of such a Kingdom as would have been exhibited if the nation had been obedient (e.g. Ps. 81: 8-16, etc.), it was taken from them, postponed, and will only be restored after a definite time fixed by God; now if such a restoration here on earth is not effected, it places God in the position of a Ruler who in His attempt at an earthly rule has been defeated, and who has been unable to erect His Kingdom in a permanent and universal form. If not restored in greater power and glory, God has failed to establish a Theocracy. Well may it then be asked, is not His own honour involved in a final re-establishment? (Compare Proposition 117, Observation 6.)

 

 

OBSERVATION 1. Our argument proves that the covenants, the prophecies, the continued incarnate relationship of Jesus - in brief, all that has been thus far advanced - clearly show that God will not fail in His Theocratic Plan - His proposed Theocratic-Davidic Kingdom. A postponement for the wisest of purposes, is no failure. When contemplating the reasons given for such a postponement; when beholding the preparatory provisions constantly going on; when seeing the Jewish nation, notwithstanding its rejection when the period arrives - we have God and His Word fully vindicated and we can have a strong assurance that His purposes fail not. God’s pleasure has fixed a time for realisation, and that we reverently and patiently await.

 

 

OBSERVATION 2. Let the reader turn to Proposition 200, Observation 5, and see what Kurtz (who utters the views of many able writers) says of God being “earthly King over Israel.” Now there is no dispute respecting the past failure of       this Kingdom, arising from the sinfulness and consequent unworthiness of the nation; and all allow that for many centuries this Theocratic Kingdom has been overthrown and non-existing. Notwithstanding the strenuous efforts made to place the Christian Church in the room of this Theocracy, every candid writer freely admits that the present God is not manifested, as He once was, an earthly Ruler, ruling through a representative as in the adopted [Page 545] Davidic line. Now if this evermore continues, and God does not re-establish His Theocracy, He has then permanently failed in carrying out His own Theocratic idea. Shall this ever be said of God, that He undertook a work that He cannot accomplish, or that the sinfulness of man defeated His ultimate purpose, or that, unable to proceed in a set purpose, He changed His Plan to accommodate Himself to human imperfection. No! when God undertakes a work, we may well abide His own time for its [promised manifestation and] accomplishment.

 

 

Take e.g. the meaning given to the Theocracy by Fairbairn (Typology, p. 379), viz., that “the Jewish Theocracy was an attempt to realise, on the visible theatre of the present world and within a circumscribed region, the idea of the Divine Kingdom, to establish a community of saints.” Now shall this attempt at a visible government, uniting State and Church in such a community, fail? The answer is self-evident: never; it may be delayed in order to make provision for its realisation, but failure is an impossibility, seeing that God has undertaken this work.

 

 

OBSERVATION 3. The Church does not meet, as we have previously shown, the conditions of the Theocracy. The Theocratic incorporated throne and Kingdom of David, the earthly Ruler, the expressly covenanted promises pertaining to the Kingdom, are plainly lacking, and so visibly lacking that it is only by the grossest violation of the grammatical sense and the most extravagant spiritualising of covenant language that men can even remotely make out of the Church a Theocracy. But take even this attempt to substitute the Church in the place of the Theocracy, then God’s effort at Theocratic rule as once exhibited proves an utter failure, simply because Church (however precious and glorious) fails to bring out the particular, distinctive features of the Theocratic rule. Can this be so? No! never; the Church itself, as the early Church (more logical and consistent) believed, is only preparatory to the Theocracy.

 

 

It may be added, as history too plainly attests, that the union of State and Church does not meet, owing to human infirmity, the requirements of a Theocracy, for wherever the trial has been made the State has lorded it over the church, bringing her into servitude, or else the Church has trampled the civil rights under her feet. The union, while biblical only in the manner and time which God has indicated, is unnatural and forced in the present - [evil and apostate age or] - dispensation. Men endeavour to forestall God’s own appointments and to antedate the period and power designated by Himself, and thus only bring calamity and reproach upon themselves. There is a foundation of truth even in the extremest Erastianism,  viz., that we are to derive belief and worship from the civil power; there is force and pertinency in many of the statements of Hooker (Eccl. Polity), Grotins (Treat, and Annots.), and others, but only as we refer them for a practical application in the still future Theocratic reign of “the Son of Man,” in which State and Church will be safely and permanently united. To commingle now things which are (in consequence of human weakness, etc.) opposed one to the other, i.e. in interests, aims, motives, results, etc., is only to add to our disappointments.

 

 

OBSERVATION 4. God bas instituted, as something pertaining to Himself, a Theocratic ordering. He has embraced this in a covenant, confirmed its certainty by oath, reiterated His determination again and again to have it realised, instituted a series of preparations having decided reference to this end - how can then the restoration of the Theocracy prove a failure? It is utterly impossible. When in the Coming [Messianic and Millennial] Kingdom at the Second Advent, as predicted, this “God-King (so Kurtz significantly calls this Theocratic King) is restored in actual rule, men will be surprised that this Theocratic feature so plainly revealed should ever have been doubted; [Page 546] seeing that, all things, including the very Person of the Christ, tend to show that God’s Plan of Government cannot fail, because Jesus is most admirably, most wonderfully fitted to exhibit the supervision of a “God King.” Divinity, humanity, and royalty being thus combined in the Son of Man, there is a return to the old form (i.e. Theocratic, with additions and changes to adapt it to the renewed regime) in the restored commonwealth by which the religious commandments again become political and the political become religious - in which the civil, political, and religious are happily blended under one All-wise, All-powerful Theocratic Headship. God’s rule in the covenanted form cannot fail; we must, if believing and honouring God, look to the future for its realization.

 

 

OBSERVATION 5. The nearest approach to this Theocratic rule by a representative, is that afforded by the Roman Church, in its professed vicegerent, the Pope. But this, notwithstanding its claims, power, etc., is an arrogant imitation and assumption of the rights and privileges of the Son of Man, David’s Son. Forgetting under the favouring Origenistic interpretation, that the covenants and promises all delegate this earthly representation of God in a visible Kingdom to the seed of David alone, they assume to spiritualise these, making the reign of the Son of Man in heaven, delegating His earthly rule to the Papacy, and, in the boldness of profanation, actually proceeding to apply covenant and prophetic promises, exclusively belonging to David’s Son, to the Popes personally (even the titles of the Christ have been thus prostituted). Their theologians, seeing in themselves more of the outward manifestation of a Kingdom under a consolidated form and guiding head, claim on this ground a decided superiority over Protestantism, and that if it did not thus exist in such a manner, then a Kingdom under the rule of God’s Representative as predicted is a failure, for no such Kingdom, unless in their Church, can elsewhere be found. To this the Word replies: it is not necessary to look for it now existing, for it stands postponed until He comes whose right it is to re-establish it. When Jesus so plainly predicts its postponement to the Second Advent, it is pure assumption in men to profess to found a Theocratic Kingdom, in this or that form, before that Advent. The non-existence of the Theocracy at present (as covenanted to no other than to Jesus Himself) while no proof of failure to be set up at the time determined by God is a standing rebuke to the boldness which can assume that it is the covenanted Kingdom itself, and that its Popes truly act in the place allotted by God’s oath to David’s Son. Indeed, our entire argument, as we proceed, is hostile and condemning to all these Papal pretensions, showing them utterly subversive of the prerogatives belonging to the Son of Man.

 

 

OBSERVATION 6. If we are never to see this Theocratic-Davidic Kingdom re-established under the covenanted seed, and the glorious predictions of the prophets realised in it, then God’s direct rule, in its Theocratic outward manifestations, has borne but little sway in this earth. Infidels, keen-scented, have seized this very feature, and used it as an argument against the Bible. They contrast the comparatively small Kingdom of Israel, within a very constricted territory, with the mighty empires which ruled over large portions of the earth, and which actually (permissively) overthrew the Theocratic Kingdom, and from such a comparison draw deductions of failure, insignificancy, etc. To this we reply: (1) we must allow God to assign the [Page 547] reasons for such a contracted condition and the subsequent withdrawal of His government; (2) that in view of the reasons given by Him (sustained by a continuous chain of facts, our faith is confirmed in the final renewal and universal exaltation of the very throne and Kingdom, which, because of the sinfulness of the nation, at one time remained contracted and inferior in its outward dominion and world relationship; (3) that when this restoration takes place, the Theocratic rule will embrace the whole earth, all nations, as predicted, and hence wisdom and prudence teach us to await the development of God’s Purpose in this direction.

 

 

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[Page 548]

 

PROPOSITION 202. If the Kingdom of the Son of Man, as covenanted,

is not established, then the earth will lack in its history

the exhibition of a perfect government.

 

 

The idea, given by God in His unbounded wisdom and thus far developed, of a “God-King,” alone meets the notion of a perfect government. The union the human and the divine in the Ruler, and the perfection of the King Himself, these form the solid foundation for a complete Kingdom.

 

 

OBSERVATION 1. The Bible emphatically teaches, in its Millennial descriptions, a Kingdom here, on the earth over man in the flesh, which shall exhibit in a striking administration the principles, laws, results, etc., of a beyond all others, and adapted in every respect to meet all the requisites to secure stability, happiness, etc. (comp. e.g. Isa. chs. 60, 54, 61, etc.). Simply admit that the oath-confirmed covenant will be verified just as it grammatically reads, and then notice that the Son of Man, as constituted, will be this King, that associated with Him are His chosen brethren as associated rulers, that the Millennial portrayals describe this reign as still future, and it will be seen how this perfect government can, and will be realised. On the other hand, reject these things, confine the Kingdom to the Church, limit the reign of the Son of Man to Heaven, etc., and you have not, and cannot receive, such a visible, outward universal Kingdom or dominion, in all respects perfectly adapted to the civil as well as the religious wants of humanity, as the Word of God tells us - if we take its plain grammatical sense - to anticipate.

 

 

The essential idea of such a visible, outward world-Kingdom is strongly advocated by recent leading theologians, and the Chiliastic idea (however represented logically defective) is doctrinally incorporated to suit their systems. Thus e.g. Martensen (Ch. Dog., S. 281) proclaims his faith, that Christianity will not merely be a “struggling power in the world, but a world-conquering, a world-ruling power likewise.” “The State and institutions of municipal life shall then be governed by Christian principle,” etc. But he forgets to tell us how to reconcile all this with e.g. S, 279), where down to the Second Advent he gives no place for such a Millennial theory. The fact is, the teaching of Scripture is decisive of such a time and rule coming, and it is equally decisive in giving no such time and rule between the First and Second Advents. It follows, therefore, that in accord with primative teaching and the scriptural statements, it must follow the Second Advent.

 

 

OBSERVATION 2. God, in view of the conditions of nature, and to exemplify His own power in constant impressions upon man, etc., does not produce the perfect fruit at once; His method of procedure, as seen in nature and in grace, embraces an ascending scale, the reaching of an intended goal by preparatory, processes and means. This holds good in the matter of this Theocracy. Therefore, considering what God has done and is doing in [Page 549] this direction, we may well expect the ultimate completion of His Plan in actual manifestation. Otherwise, if God is not again to be manifested in union with an earthly Ruler - yea, as Kurtz and others, is not to stoop to become an earthly Ruler Himself - what avails, and how are we to understand, the interest that God has once taken in earthly government. Has that interest failed, or, is the highest of all earthly powers, that of government to be cast aside as unworthy of God’s continued and special interest? If this is so, then, indeed, earth will never witness a perfect government, simply because such is human imperfection, the depravity of man, the deceitfulness of power and corresponding wealth, etc. (as evidenced down to the Advent itself in wars, rumours of war, etc.), that the help - direct - of heaven is requisite to lift the government of the race upon a higher plane. The Kingdom of the Son of Man is alone the hope of the world.

 

 

OBSERVATION 3. The reign of this Son of Man strictly in accordance with the covenant, and the union of the saints with Him in such a rule, will alone satisfy the cravings of humanity for a strong and most blessed government, which shall break down forever the opposing, clashing interests of nations, dispel their jealousies, and unite them, freed from evils, under one common, visible, and accessible Head. Then humanity, both in Christ and His saints, exalted and placed beyond the evils inherent in the present life, still sympathetic and desirous to bless, will proceed to the work of elevating man, not merely in his individual, but likewise in his social, national, and universal life. Then that which the heathen Zeno faintly painted, as a longing or earnest desire of his heart, will be abundantly verified. viz., that “men should not be separated by cities, states, and laws, but that all should be considered as fellow-citizens and partakers of one life, and that the whole world like a united flock should be governed by one common law.” Plutarch (Lives, Alex. i. c. 6) vainly thought that Alexanders conquest of nations and uniting them in one general empire was a fulfilment of Zeno; and others besides Plutarch idly dream of such a consummation outside of the covenanted line of procedure; but all such forget, that unless a power can be exerted over depraved nature to restrain or save it, and over nature itself - [see Rom. 8: 21; cf. Gen. 3: 17, 18, R.V.)] - to restore it in harmony with such a government, its stability will be like Alexanders. The Bible places our hope, and the gratification of the longings of depressed man, in the Coming again of this Son of Man and the establishment of His [Messianic and Millennial]* Kingdom, for He is the rightful Heir to whom it belongs, and the One for whom alone it is designed by the Father.

 

[* See Ps. 2: 8; cf. Ps. 110: 1-3; Rev. 2: 25; 3: 21, R.V. etc.]

 

 

The simple faith even of the heathen Virgil condemns the belief of some professed [and regenerate] believers, when he speaks of the “God-like Child” that shall rule a reconciled world, and of “the golden race” that shall arise, uttering the prayer: “Begin to assume, I pray, your sovereign honour, majestic Child. See the world nodding with its ponderous vaults and lands and planes of sea - see how all things exult in the age to come.”

 

 

OBSERVATION 4. Accepting the phraseology of Ullman, Neander, and others, that “Christianity is Christ developing Himself in humanity,” we add - to perfect the idea - for the purpose of its future visible manifestation in Him and His saints in behalf of the race in an exhibited perfect government, the highest and most honourable position in which it can be placed. Now the connection with humanity is only preparative; then it will be operative on a scale that insures Redemption in all the relations of society and life. [Page 550] So also, keeping the covenants before us, we receive the idea “that Christ is God-man in so far as He represents in His own Person the perfect unity of the human and the divine,” but we add to complete the picture: which representation, now accepted by faith and made necessary by covenant and promise, shall in due time be practically evidenced in His return and Theocratic reign, thus forming the perfect means for the accomplishment of a perfect end. Reference is thus made to these things, because the great design (without discarding others) intended by this very God-manship, viz., to qualify Him for His covenanted reign on the Theocratic throne, is by many left entirely out of sight, as if it were not an important and distinguishing feature of the Divine Purpose, while from the covenant standpoint it is most essential. Admitting, as nearly all do, that in Him at His Second Coming we find a perfect God-man, such as the covenanted mercies describe, we have only- as appertaining to the highest glory of David’s Son - to take another step by admitting His reign and Kingdom, and thus find the perfect earthly Kingdom which the Bible describes. The one stands related to the other; the latter is a resultant of the former.

 

 

OBSERVATION 5. Taking into consideration the ardent desire expressed by the prophets, that this God-man should show Himself and reign in a glorious manner - or the longings of the heathen, in fact including almost all men, that the Divine might interfere to remove the present disturbing elements, and introduce a reign of peace and blessedness - we may well ask in view of such an almost universal desire, expressed in all religious and entertained in all ages, whether, judging front the expressed wishes of man, enlightened and unenlightened, it is not a fact that the highest possible position in which we can place the Kingdom of God in its relation to humanity, is that of regarding it as a State or Empire, Theocratic Universal, over the earth, founded, governed and developed under direct personal divine authority, personally manifested, thus consisting a perfectly reliable and infallible Head and Rule? Infidelity now objects to the Word on the ground of such a desirable. Theocratic rule not being manifested, but overlooks the Record which promises it, to supply a great need. It is singular, and certainly worthy of reflection, that God’s P1an of Government falls within the line of man’s wishes, if we will only receive the covenants, prophets and apostles in their true grammatical sense. Judging then simply from a long-felt and expressed want in the world, which has excited the desires alluded to, it seems eminently suitable for just such a Kingdom under the Son of Man. as is predicted, to be established on [this] earth. With it, any one call readily see how the Redemptive process, embracing not merely individuals but the nations and the race, can be carried on until it culminates into completed Redemption.

 

 

Treatises, tracts, books have appeared from age to age indicative of the desirableness of a change in the condition of things, and proposing plans by which, at least, it might be ameliorated. The advocacy of a Congress of Nations, a Universal code of Laws, a General confederation under a Central Head, a Union of Church and State, the paramount and pre-eminent, claims of this and that church as a Leader, the general adoption of Republicanism, [secular] Education, Philosophy, etc., are all based on the desire to realise in some form or other such a position. The history of the past and present plainly shows the sad deficiency of the highest of human relations, that of government. Man’s nature and will have too often made human government the engine of spoliation, oppression, war, cruelty, and grievous wrong; and the very best are far from being free of injustice, corruption, and bloodshed. History, with its multitudes of attesting facts of weakness and [Page 551] depravity, causes us to adopt, in view of the precious hope of deliverance set before us, Dr. Bonar’s language: “Weary of man’s rule, we long for God’s.” In the Church itself, in view of the differences, dissensions, divisions, etc., who has not longed for an infallible head, teacher, and guide, seeing that the most pious and devoted are thus separated both in doctrine, practice, and government. Our hope is in the Second Coming of One in whom is lodged all power and wisdom.

 

 

OBSERVATION 6. The student of the Word will not fail to notice, that God’s idea of a perfect government embraces the union of Church and State, as exhibited in the Theocratic ordering. But this, in order to be effectual, must be under an infallible Divine Headship. In the hands of mortal, fallible men it is only conducive to evil (as history attests), but in the guidance of God directly it is productive of good and happiness. (Comp. Propositions 154, 155, 205, etc.)

 

 

The most eminent men have advocated, as the highest possible development, the union of Church and State, both forming one, as e.g. Rothe (comp, his Life, by Nippold). Dr. Arnold (Life of, by Stanley, vol. 2, p. 103), in a letter to Bunsen, says:Connected with this is Rothe’s book, which I have read with great interest. His first position - that the State and not the Church (in the common and corrupt sense of the term), is the perfect form under which Christianity is to be developed - entirely agrees with my notions.” The manner of realisation, through the agency of “the Christ” has been given by us in detail. Men have sought this realisation before the time, and through human agency, and the result (comp. e.g. Baptisit Noel’s Essay on the Union of Church and State, and others) has always proven baneful and one-sided. While, therefore, it is right and proper to oppose such a union, as a virtual forestalling of God’s own ordering and as a mere caricature of His Plan, because of its invariable painful consequences, it is an extreme, on the other hand, to assert (as the Scottish Church, D’Aubigne’s Germ., Eng., and Scotland, p. 158) that it never ought to be accomplished (basing it on the passage, “My Kingdom is not of this world,” comp. proposition 109), for this is opposed to God’s ultimate Purpose. Some writers, totally misapprehending the Theocratic idea, when speaking of the Millennial Kingdom make (as Baldwin in Armageddon, p. 48), in their imaginative Republicanism, disunion the great feature, saving: “The disunion of Church and State is the great prophetic epoch of liberty and progress according to both Daniel and St. John.” The deep thinkers, the scholars, conclude very differently, and find that such a union is requisite to insure the highest happiness of man and society. It would be interesting and highly instructive if some student would trace out this union of Church and State, and how men attempted its realisation down to the present. Such a history would have an abundance of material to draw from, starting with the Theocratic idea and its sad perversions in the past. It could e.g. show what has taken place during the Christian era; how in the early centuries there was no union of Church and State, but the Church kept in view its mission and the design of this dispensation, gathering out a people for His name; how under Constantine a union was effected, and its disastrous results; how the Romish Church incorporated and extended this idea, claiming, however, in itself both religions and civil supremacy; how Protestants retained the idea either in full, or attempted a compromise by defining the rights of the Church and rights of the State; how the extreme views, were entertained making the State God’s Kingdom (the King His Vicegerent) and the Church a form of the State and under its guidance, or declaring both to be essentially one with equal rights; how modifications of these arose running from the Territorial (Erastian) idea down to that of mere protectorate, or voluntary union. Some of the most fearful wars and terrible crimes of humanity have sprang from this fatal and sad perversion of the Theocratic idea, costing multitudes of lives, millions of treasure, and incalculable suffering. When men ignore God’s Plan and mode of fulfilment, and attempt to make their own and realise it, the consequences owing to human weakness and depravity, are always disastrous, no matter how good the men, or sincere the motives, originating them. Under the specious plea of honouring God and exalting Christ, man has been crushed under a despotism, which persecuted to the death. The blood of many martyrs - [‘underneath the altar,’ and ‘slain for the Word of God and for the testimony which they held’ (Rev. 6: 9, R.V.)] - still keeps up the unceasing cry, “How long, O Lord.”

 

 

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[Page 552]

 

PROPOSITION 203. The exaltation of the Christ is not lessened

or lowered by the referring the promises of the Kingdom

to an outward manifestation in the future.

 

 

If we say that Christ will do what Jehovah previously (Proposition 200, Observation 10) performed, this cannot lower Him. In making the Messiah to do the Will of the Father, whatever that Will may be, we honour Him. In saying that Jesus will fulfil the Covenant’s sealed and attested to by His blood, we exalt Him. In placing Him ultimately on the restored Theocratic-Davidic throne and Kingdom, and through the same exerting an universal dominion, we honour and exalt His humanity, as David’s Son and Heir, without diminishing or detracting from His divine nature or the Divine Sovereignty, He may, in virtue of the divine, wield with the Father. What is divine ever belongs to Him, and while employed in the Theocratic order, is not bounded by His rule as the Son of Man.

 

 

OBSERVATION 1. The objection intimated in the Proposition against our doctrine, proceeds from a one-sided view of the Person of Christ, exalting the divine as if exclusive, and leaving out the human as if it were no longer a factor in Redemption. We are afraid that those who are engaged in lauding and magnifying Christ until in their laudations the divine is made to swallow up or absorb the human, under the impression that they are honouring Jesus, will find themselves seriously mistaken when God the Father reveals Himself, through that Son, as a covenant-keeping God. Such practically ignore David’s Son, and thus degrade Him. (1) By denying His present continued Davidic relationship; (2) and by refusing to believe that the covenant promises can only be realised through David’s Son.

 

 

As the objection that we lower Christ in advocating such a Kingdom and reign is offensively paraded in numerous works, (men thus presuming to set themselves up as the judges respecting what it is right and proper for Jesus to do in this matter), and as it undoubtedly has impressed sincere and pious hearts with prejudice against us, it is suitable that attention is called to this subject. Well-meaning persons, unable to discriminate  between the general Divine Sovereignty and this specially covenanted Theocratic Kingdom, etc., may honestly entertain such an opinion to our discredit, but those who know the foundation of this reigning, its Theocratic nature, its glorious results, etc., will be slow to receive it. Really so sensitive, apparently, are some writers on this point, and so pressingly insist upon the force of the objection that the writer has sometimes wondered that in the excess of zeal and theory they have not combated the incarnation and death of Jesus as a degradation of the divine. Surely if the Christ came, in the covenanted way, as a babe, if He died on the cross after a life of humiliation - is it unreasonable or a lowering of Him to expect His return in great power and glory, and to anticipate a [millennial] reign which only shows Him forth its the Mighty Redeemer and the King of kings. (Comp. also Propositions 182, 183, 196, 197, etc,, which serve to remove current prejudice.)

 

 

OBSERVATION 2. In exalting Jesus as the Son of Man,” in His descent from David, in His proper covenanted humanity, we, as a corresponding result [Page 553] honour the divine which is inseparably united with it. The simple biblical truth is, that in bringing forth the covenanted King, seated as the Son of Man on the throne of His glory, attention is directed to the distinctive covenanted Christ, who is then engaged in fulfilling the oath-bound promises of the Father. What position greater or more honourable than this! Certainly we cannot degrade the Saviour when we make His humanity (as well as the divine), as the Bible does, a continued and most important factor in the progressive work of Redemption, actively and visibly engaged in its accomplishment (compare Propositions 81-85 and 196-202).

 

 

OBSERVATION 3. Regarding the Incarnation as part of the continuous unfolding of the Divine Purpose, especially in reference to this very [Messianic] Kingdom, we certainly exalt it, when showing how necessary and indispensable it continues to be in order to carry out that Purpose as contained in the covenants and  revealed by the prophets. That is, the Theocratic ordering as covenanted, and which is so admirably adapted to meet the longings and remove the burdens of a groaning humanity, cannot possibly he realised (Proposition 120) without the Advent of the King and the resultant [millennial] reign. But He comes and reigns as Son of Man,” as David’s Son (Propositions 49, 81 and 122).

 

 

OBSERVATION 4. This reign of the Son of Man, including the fulfilment of God’s pledged Word and the Salvation of a world, is invariably represented in Scripture as not only a constant source of gladness and exultation in those who [areaccounted worthyto] participate in its blessings, but of praise, honour, and glory to Christ and the Father. Read the Millennial descriptions of - [God’s accountability truths and conditions for a disciple’s entrance (Matt. 5: 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 20; cf. Gal. 5: 13-21; Eph. 5: 1-5, 7, 8; Rev. 3: 3, 19 and 21, etc.) into] - this covenanted Kingdom, and they are full of passages expressive of the great glory awaiting the Son of David when He enters upon His Theocratic reign. Surely then when the [Holy] Spirit, knowing the things of the future, leads thus in honouring the Christ when ascribing to Him this future reign, we cannot mistake in following His guidance.

 

 

Sometimes these references of the [Holy] Spirit are presented under such a figurative garb that their full force can only be appreciated by close attention. Thus e.g. Isa. 4: 2, which many able commentators (comp. Barnes, loci) and others apply (as also Chaldee Parap.) to the Messiah - some to His human nature, others to the human and divine combined - and, however to be understood in detail, is highly expressive of His glory, it being declared that He “shall be beauty and glory” (Alexander’s version “be for honour and for glory”) “for exaltation and ornament,” Alex. Vers. for sublimity and beauty”). That is, He shall be the chief, great object that shall give honour, distinction, splendour, and glory to this period of the world. It is suggested to the critical reader that the phrase “the fruit of the earth” - which is by many critics referred to the human nature of Christ, and by others simply to express in Hebrew parallelism the same meaning embraced in the first member “the Branch of the Lord” (which some think denotes the divine nature, i.e. the Offspring of the Lord, the Son of God, and others believe is expressive of the human nature, the Branch of David raised up through the power of the Lord or pertaining to the Lord) may include in it, as descriptive of the Christ, a reference to His resurrection, being raised up out of the earth, etc.

 

 

OBSERVATION 5. This reign of David’s Son and Lord, presents to us here on earth a realisation of that yearning after a perfected humanity which has characterised man’s history. This earnest longing is found in the oldest systems of religion in various phases, especially in the man elevated gods of Greece and Rome, and extends down into the modern worship of humanity and its ideal personification. This reveals a deep feeling that [Page 554] humanity not only itself needs and aspires after elevation, but also the hope that, in some form or other we honour this expressed desire, and more particularly the Personage by and through whom it is to be realised. Our doctrine, in beautiful simplicity and consistency, holds forth a Redeemed humanity in the very place where the longings for such Redemption were so universally expressed; and any such fulfilment, in the nature of the case (as in the preciousness and magnitude of the work performed. the deliverance from the curse, etc.), must largely contribute to the glory of the One through whom it is accomplished. The Incarnation was, and is now, most essential to carry out the Divine Purpose; it is in fact the covenanted grand means introduced to work out salvation, and the work happily and provisionally begun will be completed. This is clearly seen both from the Scriptures and the great stress that is laid upon it in the most able systems of divinity. But our faith, gratefully acknowledging the inestimable work already performed by this humanity, looks forward to a still greater (for it embraces perfect deliverance and eternal glory), one scripturally ascribed to it (as the Son of Man) when salvation is to be completed through His Second Advent. If the humanity is now exalted in view of the past, will this not be equally true because of its future continued participation in the Redemptive Plan. Gratefully, most reverently do we receive the fact that the humanity of Christ materially aids - in its Theocratic position - to the perfecting of the glorious work, seeing that in its visible accomplishment and finished aspects, it is something specially committed to Him as “the Son of Man. Hence, in holding up this future reign of this Son of Man, we honour and exalt Him as “the Son of Man” and in Him Redeemed Humanity.

 

 

It is a singular and noteworthy fact that, as recently insisted on both by believers in Christianity and some of its opponents, the idea of incarnation is “a want,” a “necessity” fully recognised by man in all ages. It seems a providential movement that as the Coming of the Son of Man approaches, there should arise on all sides a renewed and marvellous interest in the Incarnation itself. While Christian writers dwell upon it as a leading factor in the work of redemption, and draw arguments from it to show the adaptation of the Christian religion to human nature, the accessibility of the Godhead through it, the relationship it sustains to divine law, to the Plan of Redemption, and to the race of man - on the other hand, many liberal and unbelieving writers enlarge upon it in such a way, that, without denying in direct terms the Incarnation of Christ, they detract from its exclusive Christian or biblical relationship by endeavouring to show how the doctrine of Incarnation is a prime element in other religions. Instead of concluding how this only evinces the desire of man to have God communicate Himself personally through humanity as through an accessible and satisfactory Mediumship adapted to man, the latter conclude that since the yearning is not confined to the Christian religion, the doctrine of the Incarnation is a legitimate deduction of reason resulting front a felt “want,” but endeavour to weaken its force by making it indicative of a sort of pantheistic relation to man, which is found, more or less, in all men. Some recent writers (as e,g. Goodwin, Christ and Humanity, 1875) while making Jesus “the archetypal man” and the incarnation of the divine, even speak (like Kingsley’s Hypalia) of its pre-existence, as a sort of anticipative development or illustration of the divine idea. However vitiated as all these theories may be by a refined pantheistic tendency, by the assumption of a divine common in all men but more strikingly and profusely exhibited in Jesus, by a complete ignoring of the Theocratic Plan and its essential requirement in the Person of the Theocratic King, yet in all of them it is fully admitted that the Incarnation is “a necessity- something required in behalf of humanity. The discussion as it progresses in numerous able works, evinces the paramount importance attached to the doctrine. It clearly and unmistakably reveals that man - and includes the deepest thinkers and most profound reasoners - feels the necessity of Deity assuming, or in some way identifying Himself with, humanity in order to secure elevation and accessibility unto Him; that, in some form, it is a bridging over of the chasm now existing between the finite and the infinite; that it [Page 555] is essential for God to be thus manifested in order to enable us to comprehend Him, and through His aid to experience salvation from evil. A recent Liberal writer (Johnson, Oriental Religions, 483) candidly acknowledges this, affirming that it is requisite to religious sentiment, although exhibited in various phases; that philosophy        affirms - the heart pleads - the disciples of every positive religion insist - and the devout  thinker says: “It must be so - it is so.” Discarding the pantheistic notions delivered from this fact (as utterly antagonistic and fatal to covenant and fulfilment) as warranted and opposed to the truth, we accept of this general, if not universal, feeling as a proof that a want so intensely felt and expressed, so thoroughly incorporated with religions, and so vividly delineated by philosophy as essential, is fully and perfectly met by the incarnation of “the Christ,” but expressly - which, alas! so many totally overlook - in His openly manifested Theocratic position and reign. May every reader deeply ponder this inexpressibly precious and elevating truth. We only add that a Theocratic Plan so complete, so admirably adapted (according to the numerous concessions of unbelief), to meet tile wants of a burdened humanity, could not possibly be evolved by “ignorant fishermen,” seeing that the essentials of a Plan for Redemption are identical with those that the highest reason affirms must be requisite factors in a satisfactory and perfect work.

 

 

OBSERVATION 6. In the Judgeship of Christ, in His august Kingship, we make the Man ordained just, as the Bible does, the central figure, the culminating point in the salvation realised in this Kingdom, without discarding or lessening the divine united with Him. In the Humanity of the Seed of Abraham and David manifested in the Theocratic order, we have heaven and earth united, indicated by the predicted ascending and descending angels; we have the otherwise invisible God dwelling with man (shown by the prophecies of Isaiah, John, etc.) bestowing the Adamic blessings once forfeited by sin; and we have man and the earth restored to the goal originally intended. In this reign we have the earthly brought up to the level of the heavenly, so that God’s will is done on earth as in heaven, and the world, redeemed from the torturing power of the curse, exults in more than Paradisiacal blessings. Surely in all this we honour the Sin and the Father;  we exalt find magnify in their ample and veritable realisation the everlasting Covenant.” Let no one, on this ground, censure us for turning to the early Church doctrine, in which is advocated, that, finally, at the Second Advent of the Son of Man, David’s Son, the longing of ages, the feeling of the successive generations after a revealed Incarnation of God - openly manifested in regal power - will be fully realised; not in the now vain effort of man to find it in man himself as an outgrowth of Deity, not in the finding of God in nature and hence in man as the highest exhibition of nature, but in the Man, Jesus, in and through whom the Father is seen, in and through whom perfected man is beheld, and in find through whom man is elevated to the dignity of a recognised sonship with God.

 

 

From all this the reader can judge the propriety of a writer speaking of “the low and paltry conceptions of Millenarians, which they have formed of the Second Advent,” when we thus introduce and honour the fulfilment of the covenants, the faithfulness of the Father, the power and blessed reign of Jesus, the reign of the saints, the realisation of a glorious dispensation, the removal of the curse, the rescue of the human race, the restoration and exaltation of the Jewish nation, the bestowal of Millennial blessedness. Dr. Berg (Sec. Advent of Jesus Christ not Pre-Millennial) declares that if Jesu4 thus returns and reigns it produces “a second humiliation,” that He must “lay aside His glory,” that He will dwell again “upon a sin-cursed earth” “amid scenes of sin, suffering and death,” etc. This is taking not merely a superficial, but a low, degrading view of Christ’s inheritance, power, and glory. It is virtually degrading what the Scriptures eulogize in the highest possible terms; it is ignoring the praises tendered, because of it, by the “great voices,” Rev. 11: 15-18. and 19: 5, 6. On the other hand, Van Oosterzee (Ch. Dog., vol. 2), advocating the Mill. Kingdom as entertained by us, says: “Such a manifestation we may not expect before the return of the Lord, but after this return we regard it - even [Page 556] apart from the letter of Scripture - as on internal grounds, and, moreover, as in the highest degree worthy of God.” Dr. Imbrie (The Rregeneration, Pre-Millennial Essays, p. 159) after forcibly presenting our doctrine, asks: “And what now, in the presence of all this concurrent testimony, is the objection to this view so plainly written? The objection is, alas! that it is a carnal, earthly-minded view. Alas! Alas! Yes, says the objector, that plain meaning is just the view which the old Jews in Christ’s time held. It is a carnal view, and as such was rebuked by Christ. How strangely must the plain declarations of Scripture lead astray, if this is the case! But the objection is unfounded. It is not a carnal view, nor was it ever rebuked by Christ. Is it carnal to look for the return of the Lord front heaven? or carnal to wish to see all the nations walking in holiness before the Lord? or to see Israel pre-eminent in holy service before the Lord? or all the earth like the garden of the Lord? What is meant by carnal? Does it mean that all this is associated with this earth, and, therefore, carnal? If this be meant, and if contact with the earth makes carnal, then Christ must have been carnal in living here; and Adam in his innocence carnal, simply because he lived in Eden on earth. But the earth was made good by God; and the renewed earth will speak His praise as the dwelling-place of His people.” A careful scrutiny of the Word shows that the only carnality that Jesus and the Apostles rebuke is that which utterly unfits man for this Theocratic Kingdom, to have part in the first resurrection, the reign, and the renewed earth. With the Jew it is that adhesion to the flesh which causes him to believe that as Abraham’s child he will, without repentance and faith, without having Abraham’s God-fearing and loving spirit, be heir of this Kingdom; with the Gentile it is that subserviency to the flesh that it causes him to hope that, without a change of heart, without a forsaking of sin and a cleaving to holiness, he can enter this Kingdom. Such carnality is steadily, unswervingly censured, denounced, and condemned. But that which redeems and exalts humanity, which delivers the creature and elevates the world, which evidences the power and preciousness of Redemption, which contributes to the praise and glory of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, is the very opposite of carnality, and those who, ignorantly or wilfully, mistake the one for the other misapply the most ravishing promises of the Scriptures.

 

 

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To be continued, D.V.